XXXV.— HEMOGLOBINURIA (AZOTURIA) IN THE 

 HORSE (CONCLUSION). 



The most constant and important anatomical changes in haemo- 

 globinuria are to be found in the blood and muscles. 



As a rule the blood is not coagulated, or is diffluent, blackish, and 

 gummy. Even during life it appears to have undergone change ; 

 withdrawn from the jugular \'ein into a suitable vessel it usually 

 coagulates slowl}- : sometimes the serum is reddish in colour, due to 

 a certain amount of dissolved haemoglobin ; sometimes it contains 

 crj'stals of hasmatoidin. Chemical analysis reveals a high proportion 

 of urea and other metabolic products : the alkalinity is diminished. 

 On microscopic examination most of the red blood-corpuscles show the 

 usual physiological characters, but some are changed, deformed, and 

 irregular. 



The majority of the muscles affected with myositis are swollen, 

 pale, whitish, or yellowish white, and more or less infiltrated with 

 serum ; those recently affected are hypersemic. Incisions made parallel 

 with the fibres demonstrate the existence of blood effusions or of 

 ecchymoses. These lesions, regarded by some authors as primary and 

 by others as secondary, are, as I have mentioned, specially marked in 

 the muscles of the hind quarters. As described by M. Arloing in 1866, 

 the muscular fibres show, on microscopic examination, the changes, 

 peculiar to acute degenerative myositis — cloudy swelling, loss of or 

 diminution in the clearness of their striation, fragmentation of the 

 fibres, hyaline or granulo-fatty degeneration ; the interstitial tissue 

 often contains masses of red blood-corpuscles. In most cases the 

 kidneys seem affected with parenchymatous nephritis ; they are large,. 

 h3'persemic, and ecchymosed ; on section the cortical substance appears, 

 moderately congested, marked with haemorrhagic streaks and points ; 

 the medullary substance is reddish jellow, and more or less infiltrated.. 

 These lesions, however, are sometimes far from pronounced. Under 

 the microscope a granular exudate is seen in the glomeruli and urini- 

 ferous tubules ; sometimes the epithelium of the convoluted tubes is. 

 much infiltrated with pigment. Without being absolutely constant,, 



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