TUMOURS IN THE NASAL CAVITIES. 321 



21. Five-year-old bull-dog. Brought for examination on the 7th 

 January, 1893. 



Had been ill for ten months. At first the passage of air through 

 the nose seemed obstructed ; the animal sneezed, showed discharge, 

 and continually scratched the nose, the base of which gradually be- 

 came swollen. Ulcers next formed at two points, discharged a 

 sticky, greenish pus, and gradually increased in size, the exposed 

 tissues projecting prominently and forming mushroom-like growths. 

 The end of the nose became twisted towards the left. A considerable 

 swelling, more marked on the right than on the left, appeared between 

 the eyes over the region of the sinuses, and on opening the mouth the 

 hard palate was seen to be affected, the mucous membrane being 

 perforated in two places. 



Autopsy. — The tumour filled the nasal cavities and three fourths of 

 the frontal sinuses. The palatine plate of the superior maxilla and the 

 body of the palatine bone were destroyed for a distance of one and a half 

 inches in the longitudinal and three quarters of an inch in the trans- 

 verse direction. At the back, between the sphenoid and pter3goid and 

 the wing of the palatine bones, the tumour formed a thick, transverse 

 prominence which projected into the pharynx. On either side of the 

 median line of the face, the nasal bone, the upper portion of the maxilla, 

 and the internal surface of the frontal bone were destroyed. At certain 

 points the bony tissue enclosing this area was penetrated by the new 

 growth. In others, however, the two were simply in juxtaposition. 



The nasal septum was almost entirely destroyed. In front only a 

 fragment three quarters of an inch in length and one sixteenth of an 

 inch in depth remained, fixed to the intermaxillary bone, and behind 

 a sickle-shaped piece attached to the vomer and ethmoid. The 

 turbinated bones were also destroyed, the only vestiges remaining 

 being composed of little parchment-like lamellae surrounded by the 

 tumour. The ethmoid cells were only represented by fragments of 

 their base. 



The tumour had originated in the pituitar}' membrane lining the 

 floor of the nasal cavities. Thence it had extended towards the base of 

 these cavities, next into the sinuses, whence it spread to neighbouring 

 tissues, radiating in all directions, and perforating the bony partition 

 separating the nose from the mouth and the mucous membrane of the 

 palate. 



The tissue of this tumour was greyish, very friable, and contained 

 numerous small vessels. Histologically it showed the same characters 

 as that of the tumour in Case 15. It was, in fact, a round-celled 

 sarcoma. 



22. A five-year-old spaniel, which had been ill for six months. 

 Brought for examination on the 13th February, 1894. 



Difficulty in breathing was the first symptom noted, followed soon 

 afterwards by double-sided purulent discharge, sometimes streaked 

 with blood, and swelling of the nose, particularly towards the left lower 

 part. This swelling rapidly increased. During the early part of Feb- 

 ruary the disease made rapid progress. The swelling extended to the 



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