512 CLINICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 



was dilated ; the lips of the tricuspid valves were thickened and 

 reddish, and their free margins granulating. 



The cerebro-spinal fluid was abundant. The meninges lining the 

 cranium and covering the brain showed no change ; in the cervical 

 region, however, they showed patches of ossification ; throughout the 

 rest of their extent they appeared normal, as did the cord. 



The muscles of the neck were hyperasmic, infiltrated, and marked 

 with a few ecchymoses. The articulations were unaffected. 



Toxicological examination discovered no poison in the organs. 



The tumour in the testicle and those in the lungs were alveolar 

 epitheliomata. 



This case is interesting for more than one reason. It shows that a 

 case which for years exhibits signs of rheumatism may end by contracting 

 cancer ; it shows lesions of rheumatism and of ossifying pachy- 

 meningitis associated, and leads us to ask whether these latter were not 

 the effect of a localised rheumatic inflammation of the meninges. 



RHEUMATISM OR PACHYMENINGITIS? 



200. " Marquis," a six-year-old dog, left in the surgical laboratory 

 on the 15th January, 1892. 



The condition from which it was suffering had suddenly appeared 

 two months before. Without apparent cause the animal was attacked 

 with paroxysms of acute pain, during which it whined and sometimes 

 howled loudly. Several attacks occurred during the first day. In spite 

 of treatment being commenced on the second day these attacks 

 returned more or less frequently and violently. The dog had previously 

 been in excellent health, and had always seemed very intelligent, bright, 

 and affectionate. It was fed on cooked meat, which it ate with good 

 appetite. We were informed that it had always shown marked sexual 

 instinct, continually running after females and even males of its own 

 species, and attempting coitus. 



A preliminary examination only showed somewhat marked double 

 exophthalmia. Left at liberty in the laboratory it repeatedly mani- 

 fested signs of excessive sexual excitement ; the propensity to coitus 

 appeared almost permanent during the intervals between attacks. Some- 

 times these occurred suddenly ; sometimes they were preceded by 

 warning symptoms, like dulness, stiffness of the limbs, arching of the 

 back and fixity of attitude, the head being depressed and the nose 

 almost brought in contact with the ground. The attacks, whether or 

 not preceded by preliminary signs, were always very violent. The 

 animal suddenly appeared to be in acute pain. Standing upright, with 

 the head and neck extended, all four limbs stiff, or one of the front 

 limbs flexed — most frequently the left (Fig. y^), — he gave vent for half 

 a minute to a minute to piercing howls, which were followed by pro- 

 longed whimpering. Sometimes several attacks succeeded one another, 

 but the first was always the strongest and most prolonged. At times 

 these attacks could be produced by forcing the animal to move ; some- 

 times by simply touching certain regions, which appeared hyperaesthetic. 

 To bring them on it was only necessary to place the hand on the 



