B4S THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE. 



newly planted tree, whether set out in April or November, 

 should receive. 



Older trees should also be manured in the autumn, which 

 at the same time serves as a protection to the roots. The 

 larger the tree, the greater the quantity of manure ; and if 

 manure is wanting, a covering of leaves will answer a good 

 purpose. When frost is kept out of the ground, the root ac- 

 tion of the tree goes on till late in autumn, if not all winter. 

 If we follow nature, we see by the means of the foliage, she 

 more or less protects almost every tree ; even the slightest 

 covering is some protection, and three or four inches of leaves 

 will effectually keep out the most severe frost. Even weeds 

 and grass serve as protectors ; and where, in neatly kept 

 gardens, none of these are to be found, but the soil 

 smooth and clean, the frost quickly penetrates to a great 

 depth : every kind of protection being removed, such artificial 

 culture must be carried out, and protection is one of the most 

 important. 



Ornamental trees of every kind, newly planted, should be 

 protected, if possible ; they need it as much as fruit trees ; 

 for though they give us no fruit, they are not cumberers of 

 the ground, or they should not be planted ; and, if worthy 

 of being planted, they are worthy of being taken good care 

 of. No native forest is exposed to such deep frosts as the 

 scattered ornamental trees, growing in our highly cultivated 

 gardens and pleasure grounds. Such trees, especially, as the 

 magnolia, tulip tree, &c., should be well protected by a cov- 

 ering of manure or leaves, or, if neither of them, by a mound 

 of earth. Their roots are large, soft and fleshy, easily acted 

 upon by frost, and suffer much, when young, by severe cold. 

 As they get age, and the roots penetrate more deeply, it is 

 less important, though always useful. Very large trees should 

 always be ballasted with stones, if easily to be had, which 

 are better than large stakes. 



Evergreens of all kinds require the same protection as oth- 

 er trees, especially when standing isolated. They naturally 

 grow in groups, which enables one to protect the other. In 

 exposed places, single trees should always have a good cover- 



