DECEMBER. 549 



ing of old manure or leaves. The Chinese arbor vitce, and 

 other coniferas, not among the very hardiest, are, however, 

 rendered much hardier by protection, just sufficient to prevent 

 the freezing of the soil to a great depth. Last winter was 

 particularly severe upon evergreens in various parts of the 

 country. Where trees stood in cleanly cultivated grounds, 

 they suffered much more than in localities where the grass 

 and leaves covered the roots and prevented deep freezing. 

 Much of the prejudice against autumn transplanting of ever- 

 greens, arises from the fact that they do not have proper pro- 

 tection during the winter. Perhaps few persons are aware of 

 the slight depth to which frost penetrates the ground in a 

 pine forest ; the fallen leaves, and the covering of their 

 spreading branches, affording great shelter from the cold 

 winds. Under the south side of an arbor vitai hedge — or, 

 rather, screen, for it has attained the height of fifteen feet — 

 standing in our grounds, the frost does not generally sink 

 more than eight or ten inches ; while in exposed places near 

 by, it reaches to the depth of three feet. 



We might multiply instances of the effects of frost upon 

 trees, and show how. much is gained by proper winter man- 

 agement ; but we think we have stated enough to convince 

 every cultivator of the necessity of protecting all kinds recent- 

 ly transplanted, to ensure their safety and vigor, and of older 

 trees to continue their fruitfulness or beauty. 



EUROPEAN PARKS, NO. IV. 



BY HOWARD DANIELS, ARCHITECT, N. Y. 

 THE DERBY ARBORETUM. 



I PROPOSE in this letter to give some account of the Derby 

 Arboretum, which was given to the Borough of Derby, 1840, 

 by a Mr. Joseph Strutt, after it was laid out, planted, fenced, 

 and provided with lodges, pavilions, tool-houses, &c., com- 

 plete. The ground, naturally flat and tame, of limited extent 



