DECEMBER. 563 



trunk. In addition to these sources of interest, there is a 

 very great beauty in trees which, from the improper planting 

 of artificial plantations, is often overlooked, or rather con- 

 cealed, and that is the ramification of the main surface roots 

 at the point where they join the trunk. In general, trees are 

 planted so deep that this ramification never appears above the 

 surface, and the trunk of the tree seems fixed in the ground 

 like a post which had been driven into it; an appearance as 

 contrary to truth and nature, and also to the health of the 

 tree, as the shaft of a column without a base, or a capital 

 would, if employed in a building, be to architectural taste. 



" To prevent this monstrous and unnatural appearance 

 from occurring at the Derby Arboretum, I have directed all 

 the trees to be planted on little hills, the width of the base 

 being three times the height of the hills, so that the junction 

 of the main roots with the base of the trunk will appear 

 above ground. Much more might be said to justify the pref- 

 erence which I have given to an Arboretum over every 

 other kind of arrangement for the Derby garden, but I con- 

 sider any further remark on the subject unnecessary." 



A broad straight walk from the north entrance goes down 

 the centre one third of its length, and is there intersected by 

 another crossing it at right angles, and a fountain placed in 

 the centre. The central walk at the fountain makes an angle 

 to the left of about 45°, in order to follow the centre of the 

 grounds. When about two-thirds down, it is crossed by a 

 second broad walk, at right angles, and a statue of the Flor- 

 entine Boar placed at the intersection. A winding walk sur- 

 rounds the whole, outside of which is an irregular belt of 

 trees and shrubs, chiefly evergreens, forming a screen. 



The earth was thrown into irregular ridges from six to ten 

 feet in height, with the tallest trees planted on the sum- 

 mits, the smaller ones on the sides, and the shrubs at the 

 base, and along the level margins. This treatment was 

 applied to disguise the boundaries of the grounds and to 

 conceal persons walking in the side walks from those in 

 the centre walks, which it effectually does, and produces 



VOL. XXI. NO. XII. 70 



