57 



in order to meet the requirements. As a general principle, 

 we may say that markets are of two types, and that a very 

 different list of varieties would be selected for these two 

 types. 



There is first the general or wholesale market, where the 

 apples are handled in large quantities, and where the pro- 

 ducer never comes in touch with the consumer. The orchard- 

 ist growing for this market perhaps sells his fruit to a buyer 

 in the orchard, or loaded on the car, or he may ship it to a 

 commission man. In any case, it is very much to his advan- 

 tage to have a large quantity of fruit of each variety. If he 

 has five hundred barrels of Baldwins, buyers are going to 

 hunt him up and bid for his fruit; whereas, if his five hun- 

 dred barrels are distributed among the seventeen sorts men- 

 tioned above, there would not be enough of any one kind to 

 interest the buyer ; and this same general consideration would 

 hold in any type of general market. If he is shipping to a 

 commission man, one hundred barrels each of five sorts will 

 sell for more than five barrels each of one hundred sorts. 

 As a rule, a man chooses this t;>'pe of market if he is some 

 distance from his market. If he is going to plant an orchard 

 to cater to such a trade, he ought, in my opinion, to select 

 not over five, and preferably about three, varieties. A less 

 number than this does not provide for cross-pollination, and 

 does not allow for the years when certain of his varieties will 

 not bear. I believe that for a steady income from such an 

 orchard a man is better off to have at least three varieties. 



The second type of market is the special or personal market. 

 •Here the producer comes in direct or nearly direct communi- 

 cation with the consumer, — that is, he either peddles his 

 fruit, or at most sells it to the man who sells it direct to the 

 consumer. The grower perhaps runs a wagon of his own, or, 

 if he does not do this, he sells to a grocery or fruit store which 

 sells to the consumer. In either ca^e he is so near the con- 

 sumer that he gets the benefit of the good quality of his fruit, 

 or the blame for its bad quality. He gets personal customers, 

 who may say, " Yes, Mr. Jones, those apples we got last week 

 were fine ; I want some more like them." Or, to the grocer, 

 " When are vou soing to have some more of Mr. Jones's 



