138 



to hold it in check. The same is true of the scurfy scale 

 {Chionaspis furfura Fitch), the dirty white color of which 

 makes it very noticeable. Trees attacked by these scales must 

 be treated, it is true, but two applications in June should be 

 amply sufficient to prevent any loss from their ravages. 



Apple Maggot or Railroad Worm. 

 The apple maggot or railroad worm (Rhagoletis pomoiiella 

 Walsh) is another pest which causes much trouble in Massa- 

 chusetts. The adult is a fly, smaller than a house fly, with 

 black bands on its wings, which lays its eggs just under the 



Apple maggot: a, adult male fly; 6, adult female fly; c, maggot; 

 all much enlarged. 



skin of the apple. This begins early in July and continues 

 till late in September, different individuals appearing at dif- 

 ferent times during this period. The young maggots from 

 these eggs tunnel in all directions through the fruit, the 

 earlier tunnels healing and closing up, but later ones re- 

 maining open and turning brown, while the fruit becomes 

 soft and worthless. When full grown these maggots leave 

 the apple and enter the ground, where they pupate an inch 

 or more below the surface. Sometimes they leave the apples 

 after these have been gathered, and in such cases pupate on 

 the bottom of the bin or barrel in which the fruit is stored. 



