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tree, and locate, if possible, where the bark has been broken 

 or rubbed, it being easier at such places to reach the sap than 

 elsewhere. This insect is not usually a serious pest in Massa- 

 chusetts; but as it also works on the roots and may do con- 

 siderable injury there, its presence on the branches is an 

 indication that the roots may also be suffering, and should 

 be examined. To do this, the soil should be carefully re- 

 moved till enough of the roots is exposed to determine their 

 condition. If the lice are present, the earth should be re- 

 moved do^vn to the upper roots for a distance of two feet 

 from the trunk in all directions, and this area well saturated 



Yellow-necked apple-tree caterpillar: a, caterpillar, showing char- 

 acteristic position when disturbed; h, adult moth; c, cluster 

 of eggs, natural size; d, side view of one egg much enlarged. 



with 15 per cent kerosene emulsion. The earth should then 

 be put back, and the emulsion left to work through the ground 

 to the lice. 



Yellow-necked Apple-tree Catekpillae. 

 In August and September caterpillars of various kinds 

 feed on the apple leaves, often in clusters, and are quite con- 

 spicuous because of their bright colors. One of these is the 

 yellow-necked apple-tree caterpillar (Datana minstra Dru). 

 ^Yhen disturbed this caterpillar lifts both ends of its body 

 at right angles to its middle, assuming a very characteristic 

 attitude. After feeding till full grown, the caterpillars enter 

 the ground and pupate, the moths appearing the following 

 summer. 



