207 



the caljx of the apple is turned upward, so as to fill it with 

 the poison, as this is the place at which the larvae enter the 

 fruit. This object may be attained by spraying at any time 

 within ten days after the blossoms fall. A fine, forcible 

 spray is required, and a spraying tower is desirable in order 

 to spray downward into the highest calyx cups on the tree. 



These two sprayings are by far the most important. Next 

 to these comes JSTo. 5, for the caterpillars of the codling moth, 

 which feed on the leaves before attacking the fruit, and this 

 spraying will generally control it. 



The other sprayings scheduled in the calendar are to be 

 used when especial care is desired for the production of extra 

 fancy fruit, and when insect pests or fungous diseases are 

 unusually prevalent. 



In regard to the comparative value of lime-sulphur and 

 Bordeaux mixture as a fungicide, it may be said that the 

 Bordeaux is generally recognized as a more efficient fungi- 

 cide, but some are using a weak solution of lime-sulphur 

 on apple trees to eliminate any possible injury to the fruit, 

 such as is attributed to the Bordeaux when used at too great 

 strength when the apples are young and tender. A weak 

 lime-sulphur solution, say 1 gallon concentrated solution to 

 50 gallons of water, may be substituted for the Bordeaux, 

 but in this case the arsenate of lead should not be mixed 

 with the lime-sulphur, but should be applied as a separate 

 spray. 



Pruning is quite an important factor in connection wnth 

 spraying operations. The present day demand calls for a 

 low-headed tree, some even going so far as to say that it does 

 not pay to harvest an apple over 15 feet from the ground. 

 The advantage of low-headed trees, however, will be very 

 apparent to all, not only in the harvesting of the crop but as 

 an aid to efficient spraying, as a low tree can be more eco- 

 nomically and completely covered with the spray material 

 than a tree which shoots way up in the air. Pruning should 

 be done before spraying, also, as the chance to do efficient 

 work with the spray pump is much greater. 



A power spraying outfit can be economically used only in 

 extensive operations. For ordinary use in the small and 



