74 state pomological society. 



"manure for orchards. 



"The following mixture contains nitrogen, phosphoric acid and 

 soda, and has proved destructive to all grubs and worms that 

 either live in the ground or go into it in order to pass through 

 the pupa state and come out as full-fledged flies to work their 

 devastation on fruit and foliage, and there lay their eggs for the 

 perpetuation of their kind: Five hundred pounds quicklime, 

 300 pounds common salt, 300 pounds powdered phosphate lime, 

 100 pounds nitrate of soda. The quicklime should be slaked, 

 the salt then mixed with it and allowed to remain for some thirty- 

 days for chemical changes and combinations to take place, in 

 the meantime being shovelled over three or four times to have 

 it intimately mixed. Then mix with it the powdered phosphate 

 of lime and nitrate of soda. 



"The mass then is ready for use, and will cost about $8. Use 

 1,000 pounds of this mixture per acre, and spread broadcast on 

 the orchard. It can also be used on lawn, meadow or pasture in 

 the same quantity. 



"The use of this mixture not only increases the quality of the 

 fruit, but also gives the fruit a better flavor, a higher quality 

 and larger size, and puts the tree in vigorous condition for future 

 yields. The ingredients can all be easily procured in any quan- 

 tity at market prices, and the mixing can be done on the farm. 

 It does not deteriorate in quality by keeping. — Andrew H. 

 Ward." 



We should not forget that the little pest, in all probability, has 

 not left us, and we should continue the only practical method of 

 fighting it, which is to keep all windfalls closely picked up and 

 either fed directly to stock or thoroughly destroyed in some way. 



The scab I am not so clear about, but it appears to be the gen- 

 eral opinion of those people who have given the subject the 

 closest study, that we should spray our orchards at least twice 

 each season; but when apples rule as low as they have this sea- 

 son, and the expense of spraying is added to the cost of pro- 

 ducing the crop, and we consider the other fact, that those who 

 have done no spraying have, as a rule (there may be exceptional 

 cases) produced as fine fruit free from scab and worms as could 

 be desired, it would seem as though the proper course to pursue 



