STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 1 39 



literally alive with the young lice. These remain active all win- 

 ter and develop the brown hemispherical scales over themselves 

 the following spring. They can be found during the wdnter 

 months as small oblong reddish brown objects lying close to 

 the bark on the twigs. The leaves in early summer are often 

 alive with them. The eggs are reddish and oblong. The 

 scales are often punctured by parasites, probably by a species of 

 ichneumon, also a species of mite in great numbers is often 

 found under the scales. We have had this species under 

 observation every season for the past eight years and there is 

 hardlv an elm tree in the vicinity of Orono but what is infested. 

 The scales drop off sooner or later exposing a circular wooly 

 patch. 



This species is fully considered in Maine Agricultural Experi- 

 ment Station Report for 1894, p. 107. 



SPRUCE GALL LOUSE. 



Chcnncs Abictis, L. History — Variously called Spruce Adel- 

 ges and Spruce Chermes. Native of Europe. Introduced on 

 Norway spruces. First noticed in Illinois in 1876. Dr. Pack- 

 ard considered such an insect in "Guide to the study of Insects," 

 1869, calling it a species of Adelges. A form of Spruce Gall 

 Louse is common at the present time in Maine both on Norw^ay 

 spruces and on the wild species. From what w^e have studied it 

 we are inclined to think it may be a different species from the 

 one so exhaustively studied recently by Professor C. H. Fer- 

 nald. The eggs and young are smaller and the eggs in the clus- 

 ters less numerous than he describes. 



At this writing, June loth, the young are hatching on the 

 spruces on the university campus. 



Distribution— Widely distributed from the Atlantic to the 

 Pacific, but most common in New England. 



Life History — The eggs may be found in the winter w-ith the 

 body of the female at the base of the buds or leaves enveloped in 

 a wdiite wooly mass. The eggs hatch at Orono the first of 

 June. The young lice attach themselves ro the base of young 

 leaves and finally the galls in which they live are developed 

 around them. The nymphs are mature in August. The galls 

 turn yellowish. The cavities open. The nymphs crawl out, 



