Adding the vaccine mixture to the drinking 

 water. It is important to administer a high 

 vaccine dosage by the drinking-v/ater route. 



What about the danger of over- 

 dosage? It is often more Hkely that 

 the dosage may be insufficient or not 

 potent enough. 



Uniform, adequate dosage levels 

 are easily provided in water vaccina- 

 tion procedures, regardless of whether 

 chickens are housed or are on the 

 range. 



timing protects vaccine 



The preferred way to administer 

 Newcastle vaccine in drinking water 

 is to remove all drinking water from 

 the birds a few hours before vac- 

 cination. In this way the birds will 

 build up a thirst, take in more water, 

 and thus consume a greater dosage 

 of vaccine. 



Furthermore, by allowing the water 

 containing the vaccine to remain 

 only a limited time (from one to 

 three hours) in the chicken yard, 

 there will be less danger of adverse 

 effects by high temperatures, by 

 chlorination, or by litter, feed, or 

 fecal contamination. 



stabilizer also protects 



The addition of a protein-type 

 stabilizer to the water also protects 

 the vaccine against these effects and 

 other unfavorable conditions. 



Wherever various managemental 

 errors and hidden infections such as 

 CRD exist, water vaccination re- 

 duces severe reactions because it 

 lessens physiological stress. 



revaccination before maturity 



If flocks are vaccinated at an 

 early age, they should be revac- 

 cinated just before sexual maturity. 

 Here again, the water vaccination 

 provides the necessary "booster." 

 This method is particularly advan- 

 tageous if the birds are still in range 

 shelters, and if it is desirable to 

 administer a uniform dosage. 



economical and effective 



Although no one vaccination pro- 

 gram can be selected as ideally suited 

 for every farm, area, or individual 

 situation, drinking-water vaccination 

 stands out as an economical and 

 effective means of mass immuniza- 

 tion. Progressive poultrymen with 

 large, efficient farms can very well 

 integrate this new method in their 

 management operations. 



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