26 THE CONNECTICUT POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



the tree. These two slides show eggs within the apple. 

 The one at the left shows the egg" in the apple quite clear- 

 ly. The puncture is made in the form of a crescent-shaped 

 segment. You see how the insect works into the flesh 

 oi the fruit to deposit the egg. Notice this in particular. 

 In that way the growth of the apple does not injure the 

 egg, the segment being cut out over the rest of the apple. 

 These maggots do not develop in the fruit which remains 

 on the tree but in the dropped fruit they develop quite 

 rapidly, as we shall see. The worm usually eats out the 

 tissue of the apple rather than the core, whereas the cod- 

 dling moth usually works more in the core. Now so far 

 as this pest is concerned, it can usually be controlled by 

 spraying a couple of times within two or three weeks of 

 each other, with arsenate of lead, using two or three 

 pounds to the barrel. It will not kill them all. It helps. It 

 will help to keep the foliage on the tree and decreases 

 the injury very much. The next best thing to keep this 

 pest in subjection is thorough cultivation of the orchard. 

 The grubs when they become overgrown go into the 

 ground. If the ground is thoroughly stirred during the 

 summer, a great many are killed, while in the pupae stage 

 in the soil. Investigations in Illinois have shown that this 

 reduces the pest very materially. 



Another insect with which we have had a great deal 

 of difficulty, as you know, is the codling moth. Here we 

 have one of the larvae in its winter coccoon on the pit- 

 bark. This view is looking at the underside of the pit- 

 bark. It is the portion of the trunk of an apple tree and 

 you can see concentrated here and there these little white 

 spots which are the old coccoons. If you take any old 

 apple-tree orchard which has not been sprayed and scrape 

 off the bark you will find lots of these old coccoons in 

 which the larvae are hibernating over winter. In this 

 state, as well as with us, one of the most effective enemies 

 of this pest is the birds. It is one of their chief foods. 



