NINETEENTH ANNUAL MEETING. 27 



They peck through the bark, as you can see here, to reach 

 the insect. This shows some coccoons on the inside of 

 the old puncture where the larvae has been removed. If 

 you were to see the other side of this bark you would see 

 the puncture through into the coccoon of the codling 

 moth. Now we have made some careful study to see 

 how effective these birds were, and we found that by tak- 

 ing the coccoons on several trees in one orchard and mak- 

 ing a test, from sixty-five to eighty-five per cent were 

 killed out in the winter by the birds. So you can see it 

 is a very practical means of keeping this pest in subjec- 

 tion. Therefore, birds should be attracted to the orchard. 

 It is a first-rate idea to lure birds to the orchard by hang- 

 ing out among the trees, here and there, bunches of suet. 

 These will serve to attract the birds, and in that way you 

 can keep down, to quite an extent, the ravages of the cod- 

 ling moth. 



Now about the middle of June the caterpillar trans- 

 forms into pupae, as we see here, which is the dormant 

 stage until the moth expands. These insects go through 

 a very wonderful transformation. Here we have the 

 adult moth of the codling moth after the transformation 

 has been completed. This small insect has a wing expan- 

 sion of three-quarters of an inch. You will not see them 

 very often unless you are looking very closely for them, 

 because they are nearly the color of the bark. They can 

 be readily reared, however, and when they are reared, they 

 are rather more of a grayish or yellowish brown with cop- 

 per reflections on towards the tip of the wing. At that 

 time they are not quite so much like the bark. In this 

 view here you can see that it so nearly resembles the bark, 

 or fungus growth on the bark, that you can hardly recog- 

 nize the outline. That is not due to the photograph, be- 

 cause if you had that piece of bark you could see the moth 

 on it. So it is not surprising that you do not see these 

 many times in the orchard when they are actually present. 



