84 state; pomological society. 



"Baldwin" is so nearly worthless, and yet, taken to the moun- 

 tains where the "Baldwin" shows marked improvement, it 

 becomes of no account. In the same mountain orchard where I 

 I have seen "Baldwins" of such fine appearance and quality I 

 have also seen "Winesap" that were so small and poorly devel- 

 oped that they could not possibly have any real commercial 

 value — and this is the usual behavior of this variety under such 

 conditions. A peculiar fact concerning the mountain grown 

 specimens of "Winesap" is their great susceptibility to the scab 

 fungus, while at the lower levels this fungus does not attack 

 them seriously, as a rule. The mountain conditions seem to 

 produce some physiological change which renders the apple less 

 resistant than when grown at other points. At the higher, and, 

 I believe, also at more northern points, this variety shows a dis- 

 tinct tendency to stripe instead of developing a solid red color. 

 In southern California this tendency is strikingly noticeable, 

 though this cannot be due to elevation. 



The "Yellow Newtown," (or "Albemarle Pippin," as it is called 

 in some sections,) — a variety which most of you probably know 

 by reputation rather than by actual contact, is strikingly suscep- 

 tible to the conditions under which it is grown, and the most 

 careful orchardists have learned, when planting it, to make very 

 fine discriminations in selecting soils and locations for it. There 

 are at least three essential points to consider when selecting a 

 site for this variety : Absolutely perfect air drainage ; a very 

 deep, porous soil ; a great abundance of available plant food in 

 the soil. Of course, these are likewise essential points for all 

 varieties in some degree, but in case of this variety, the extreme 

 degree of the requirement is the striking feature to be regarded. 

 If the aid drainage is in any way obstructed, the "Yellow New- 

 town" will spot and cloud ; if the subsoil is heavy, even to the 

 extent of being merely a stiff tenacious clay in which many 

 varieties thrive, the apples will rot badly, drop prematurely, and 

 those that do remain on the trees will be small, imperfectly 

 developed and of poor quality. As the tree naturally makes a 

 very slow growth, it requires a strong, rich soil, else it always 

 has a stunted, sickly appearance. 



The "Ben Davis" is another variety which affords an excellent 

 example of varietal variation, but I am led to believe that the 



