TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING. 67 



farmers had discovered, as I have ah^eady indicated, that 

 there were a great many apple pests which had got to be 

 fought and overcome if the crop was to be relied upon. Now 

 what happened? There were hundreds of those fine old Bald- 

 win orchards planted from 1880 to 1890 which fell under the 

 axe, and which were converted into stove wood. Just at that 

 time, however, a great discovery was made, and that was the 

 discovery of spraying, and we have all witnessed the devel- 

 opment of our methods leading to the control of insects and 

 our methods of control of fungus diseases. That was a re- 

 markaible period in the history of the apple industry, because 

 our fungicides and insecticides had their greatest develop- 

 ment about that time. We are not ashamed of the place that 

 our scientific men in Xew York have had, or of the place that 

 our farmers have had in the development of scientific spray- 

 ing. New York state, — and I feel sure that none of you will 

 contradict me in this — has been a leader, and is still in the 

 lead, in what we might call progressive fruit growing. Up 

 to 1890 we were going backward, but then we foimd those 

 things that we thought were necessary evils were really 

 things that w^ere within our control. We found that we 

 could save our apple crop, and that we could increase the 

 percentage of yield of marketable fruit to a ver\^ great ex- 

 tent. In fact, that we could make it or that we could spoil 

 it, that we could do just about as we wanted to do, and when 

 we came to that conclusion then a great change came over 

 the fruit industry. When we got that feeling widespread 

 among the cotmtry people, when this feeling of confidence 

 was scattered abroad to a great extent, then we began to 

 find our apple business on a firm foundation. There it re- 

 mains until the present time. 



The Location of the Apple Industry in New York. 

 A few words here about the location of the apple in- 

 dustry and the varieties in bearing in New York. The home 

 orchard, at least, is found pretty much in all portions of the 

 state. There are large commerical plantings along lx)th 



