146 THE CONNECTICUT POMOLQGICAL SOCIETY. 



with fungus. The best advice to-day is just before the leaves 

 drop to go over the trees with lime-sulphur or Bordeaux, 

 and then you are pretty sure to kill it out. If you let the 

 leaves go on the ground the fungus breeds all winter. That 

 is one of the first things that we have been up against in 

 the Oregon apple region. We have orchards in Oregon 

 Wihere they have had a lot of tro'uble from that source. I 

 do not believe you have got an apple tree in New England 

 which is in worse condition than some of them were out 

 there. 



A Member: Do you have bitter rot? 



Mr. Castner : Yes. 



A Member: What do you use for that? 



Mr. Castner : There is no remedy that I know of for 

 the bitter rot in the Baldwin or Northern Spy. That has 

 been experimented with. 



A Member: Do you buy your lime and sulphur, or 

 Bordeaux, or is it the custom to buy the material out there 

 and make it yourselves? 



Mr. Castner : No, we get the materials and make it 

 right there. The growers make it themselves for the most 

 part. We do not use the manufactured lime and sulphiir. 

 The first lime-sulphur that was ever used there we made 

 ourselves. We experimented with it first, and found out 

 how to use it, and then made it up. 



Mr. Drew : On this orchard where you used lime- 

 sulphur at 1 to 30, was that without any injury? 



Mr. Castner : Under certain conditions, yes. 



Mr. Drew : What are those conditions ? 



Mr. Castner : When the weather is cool we can use 

 it early in the morning. A good deal of our spray burning 

 is done by using the lime-sulphur in toO' hot weather. Lime, 

 you know, will burn of itself. Now you put it onto an apple 

 which is heated hot, and let the sun heat it more, and you 

 are apt to get the burn. 



Mr. Drew : That is a point which T wanted brought 

 out. We have been using lime and sulphur for the last two 

 years. A year ago we got injury from it — a very small 



