TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING. 189 



were made on a number of pears, quinces, cherries, plums, 

 currants and muskmelons. The apples included twenty- 

 one varieties, of which by far the most were Baldwins, and 

 then came Greenings, while the peach tests included eight 

 varieties, of which those on the Champions were the most 

 extensive. 



The sprayings varied from two to four in number, and 

 the time of these was varied, according to the general 

 knowledge at hand, to determine how few applications 

 could be used to obtain favorable results. The apparatus 

 employed was in most cases that in general use in the or- 

 chards where the experiments were conducted, and varied 

 from the several types of hand pumps to gasolene engines. 

 In most cases the Station furnished most or all of the 

 spray materials, and part of the labor in spraying. We are 

 certainly under obligations to the various orchardists who 

 so kindly placed their trees, apparatus and time at our dis- 

 posal, since experimental work means not only these requi- 

 sites, but also more or less bother, and sometimes even 

 injury to the trees sprayed. We tried our best, however, 

 to keep the injury down to the minimum consistent with a 

 fair test of the sprays used. In fact, we had a small Sta- 

 tion orchard of very old and very young trees, where, m 

 the words of Dr. Jenkins, we "tried it on the dog" first as 

 far as possible. 



Sprays Used. The following are the general types of 

 fungicides used: (1) Bordeaux mixture, strong and weak; 

 (2) commercial lime-sulphurs, seven brands, as follows : 

 Blanchard's, Grasselli's, Niagara, Sherwin-Williams'. Ster- 

 ling, Thomsen's and Vreeland's; (3) self-boiled lime-sul- 

 phur; (4) miscellaneous sulphur sprays, such as Potassium 

 sulphide, Sulfocide, Bogart's Sulphur compound, and One 

 for All ; (5) Atomic sulphur ; and (6) sulphur and arsenate 

 of lead. For insecticides alone, or in combination with the 

 preceding fungicides, there were used five of the paste 

 brands of arsenate of lead (Ansbacher's, Grasselli's, Sher- 



