TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING. 



195 



Results of Spraying. Of the more evident of the re- 

 sults in controlling- apple fungi the following may be men- 

 tioned. Rust apparently is the most difficult to prevent of 

 the apple fungi. Evidently it requires a continuous coat- 

 ing of the fungicide on the leaves from the time they begin 

 to expand in late April or early May until the middle of 

 July, when all danger of infection from the "cedar apples" 

 is over. With the two or three summer sprayings in our 

 experiments we were not able to see much difference, as re- 

 gards this fungus, between the trees sprayed with any fun- 

 gicide and the unsprayed trees. 



Scab, rot, and fruit speck were all kept in check by 

 the better fungicides. Rot and fruit speck often start 

 through insect injury, and so arsenate of lead alone seemed 

 to decrease these troubles to a considerable extent. Sooty 

 blotch was far more prominent in 1911 than any other fun- 

 gus, and so offered the best test during the two years of 

 the fungicidal value of the different sprays. 



Judged from its all-around tests, Bordeaux mixture, 

 even when used in the weaker strength, in the second and 

 third sprayings, proved to have the best fungicidal value 

 on apples of any of these sprays. This was especially true 

 when judged by its control of sooty blotch in 1911. Atomic 

 sulphur also seemed to possess very good fungicidal quali- 

 ties, but it was not tested so severely and extensively as 

 the Bordeaux. The self-boiled lime and sulphur also gave 

 good results as a rule. The commercial lime and sulphur 

 did not do quite as well, especially some brands used 

 against the sooty blotch in 1911, The commercial brands 

 containing some form of sulphur did not have so extensive 

 tests, because of their liability to injure foliage. Sulphur 

 and arsenate of lead, and arsenate of lead alone possess 

 some fungicidal value, but not enough to recommend them 

 as such. 



The various fungicides with arsenate of lead added 

 did not always give a higher percentage of perfect fruit 



