THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 



57 



equally successful since. Last year 

 he wintered Li41 stocks without loss or 

 spring dwindling. 



The foregoing is the testimony not 

 of mere novices who sometimes 

 stnmble upon success, one winter 

 accidentally and lose their bees ttie 

 next without knowing the reason 

 why, but of men who have been suc- 

 cessful year after year, and who 

 know how to control circumstances 

 so as to bring their bees through 

 safely, no matter what may be the 

 ctjaracter of the season. 



The combined weight of the evi- 

 dence establishes, once for all, the 

 fact that free consumption of pollen 

 by bees, when confined in winter 

 quarters, does not necessarily produce 

 bee-diarrhea ; and as none of the bee- 

 keepers quoted find it necessary to 

 remove pollen or snbstitute sugar 

 syrup for honey, in order to insure 

 success, it establishes another fact 

 ■which has been of late called in ques- 

 tion, viz : that honey and pollen, the 

 food provided by nature for bees, are 

 good enough for their winter stores. 



In view of the evidence which has 

 been adduced, I believe that a large 

 majority of ttie beekeepers will agree 

 with me that the pollen theory " must 

 go." 



Lindsay, Out. 



[*Mr. Cornell clings tenaciously to 

 the use of the word stocks instead of 

 " colonies," and dysentery instead of 

 diarrhea. We print these words as 

 written, by his particular request, 

 without endorsing their appropriate- 

 ness or correctness. — Ed.] 



The Late Mr. D. S. Given. 



The Los Angeles County Bee-Keep- 

 ers' Association appointed a commit- 

 tee to draft resolutions of respect to 

 the memory of the late Mr. D. S. 

 Given. That committee has reported 

 and the following was adopted by the 

 Association : 



David S. Given was born in Mnslting-um 

 county, Ohio, in 1844, and carl.v in life took 

 a lively interest in apiculture, and the then 

 rising- industry found in him a proj^ressive, 

 enterprising: worker. Gathering- information 

 from such men as L. L. Langstroth and 

 Quinby, in the year 1864 he removed to Illi- 

 nois, where he gave much study and labor 

 to perfecting- the Comb Foundation Machine 

 which is called the Given Foundation Press. 

 Failing health induced him to remove to 

 Southern California, and in December, 1881, 

 he .joined our association. His kindl.y, gen- 

 tlemanly disposition endeared him to every 

 member of our society, and his ingenious 

 mind suggested to us ver.v many new and 

 Tiseful methods in the care of bees and their 

 products. He was a constant attendant at 

 our monthly meetings, and took a lively in- 

 terest in the well-being of our association. 

 Mr. Given died on July 10, 1884, at his resi- 

 dence, three and a half miles north of Los 

 Angeles, leaving a wife, and one child about 

 Hve years old, to mourn his loss. 



Resolved. That one page of the Minute 

 Book be dedicated to the memory of our 

 esteemed friend and member, and that the 

 report of the committee be engrossed upon 

 the same. 



Besolved, That his famil.y have our 

 heartfelt sympathy in their great loss, and 

 that a copy of this report be sent to them by 

 our Secretary. 



For the American Bee JouniaL 



Bottom-Board Fastener for Hives. 



IIOWAUD U. ACKEHM.\N. 



One would naturally suppose that 

 with all the improvements made in 

 bee-hives and " bee-fixings " during 

 the past few years, that a new fixture 

 would be superfluous ; perhaps it is, 

 but, nevertheless, it has appeared to 

 me for a long time that in nearly all 

 of the different styles of hives, there 

 was one weak point in common, viz: 

 the bottom-board. 



It has been a study with me for the 

 past year or two, how to construct a 

 hive with a movable bottom, so as to 

 combine the desirable features of a 

 movable and a stationary bottom, and 

 at the same time avoid the disadvan- 

 tages of both styles as at present con- 

 structed and used. I at last hit upon 

 the device shown by the accompany- 

 ing illustration ; with what success 

 will be decided by the progressive 

 bee-keepers of the country. Although 

 the illustration shows the hive and 

 hook so plainly, perhaps a word in 

 explanation will give a more correct 

 understanding of it. 



The illustration represents a single- 

 story hive, A being the cover, B the 

 body, and C the bottom-board. The 

 bottom-board which may be made of 

 either % or % inch boards, is cleated 

 at each end to prevent warping, and 

 has a graduated entrance cut into the 

 end intended for the front, as shown 

 at D. E is a malleable iron hook, 

 four of which are fastened to the bot- 

 tom-board—two on each side— by the 

 aid of a screw, as shown in the figure, 

 and the lugs, F F. The lugs are drawn 

 tight against the underside of the 

 bottom-board, and help to hold the 

 hook securely in place. G is a screw 

 driven into the body of the hive un- 

 der the arm of the hook, and is left 

 projecting about % of an inch. 



To enlarge the entrance or to re- 

 move the hive from Its bottom-board, 

 one has only to slide the body forward 

 several inches, lift it a couple of 

 inches, and put it to one side. If it 

 is desired to carry the hive into or 

 out of the cellar, or to a distant part 

 of the apiary, slide the body of the 

 hive back, as is represented in the 

 illustration, thus rendering it bee- 

 tight tor tlie time being, and it is 

 then ready to be carried all over the 

 neighborhood without any danger of 

 the carrier being stung. 



To convert it into a hive suitable 

 for shipping bees, drive a small nail 



or brad back of each hook at E. This 



fastens the bottom as securely as if it 

 were nailed direct to the body of the 

 hive with 8-penny nails. Ventilation 

 can be secured by holes bored into 

 the cap or body covered with wire- 

 cloth, or in any other way suiting the 

 fancy of the shipper. A Langstroth, 

 or any similar hive with a permanent 

 bottom can be changed into a hive 

 with a movable bottom by removing 

 the bottom and using the hooks. 1 

 have a tew standard Langstroth hives 

 made over this way, and they work 

 quite as well as the Simplicity. 

 North Indianapolis,© Ind. 



For the American Bee Journal. 



That Reversible Frame. 



C. J. F. HOWES, (48—60). 



I have read with much interest the 

 article by Mr. Heddon, on page 8, and 

 I think that it is a very able one, 

 which may be considered as settling 

 the question of the advantage of re- 

 versing tlie brood-frames ; but there 

 is one part of it in which I feel that 

 injustice is done; t. e., the impression 

 that he conveys, of being the origina- 

 tor of the device described. I can 

 scarcely believe that Mr. Ileddon in- 

 tended to put forth such a claim, in 

 the face of all the facts to the con- 

 trary ; but such claim is certainly 

 conveyed by a perusal of his article. 



Mr. Heddon says : " About a year 

 ago I devised the style of reversible 

 brood-frame, as shown by the illustra- 

 tion." (The italics are mine.) Now, 

 what are the facts V At the annual 

 meeting of the Southeastern Michi- 

 gan Bee-Keepers' Association, held 

 at Adrian, Mich., on January 23, 1884, 

 I exhibited samples of a device for 

 reversing brood-frames, which device 

 or plan suspended the frame by strips 

 of wood or metal, which strips were 

 pivoted to the center of the end-bars, 

 and extended up to the top of the 

 frame, there forming projecting arms 

 to rest on the rabbets, and allowing 

 the frame to revolve on these pivots. 



In describing the device before the 

 convention. I distinctly claimed, as 

 my invention, the plan of suspending 

 the frame between side-strips pivoted 

 to the end-bars, as described. 



This device was illustrated and 

 described in Oleanings for March, 

 1SS4. page 1-56. To that article Mr. 

 Ileddon replied in (Ueaninys for April, 

 1SS4, page 232, criticizing the reversi- 

 ble-frame method, and advised " re- 

 versing the whole hive." In Glean- 

 ings for May, 1S84, page.?36, Mr. Hed- 

 don "reversed" his opinion and ac- 

 knowledged his belief that reversing 

 the single frame w'as the correct plan; 

 and he sums up the matter as fol- 

 lows : " It may be argued that Mr. 

 Howes' frame is expensive. That is 

 true ; but it need not be, as I will 

 show you in the future." 



In that article Mr. Ileddon plainly 

 states that his efforts had been 

 directed towards a reversible hive 

 instead of a reversible frame. This 

 was over three months after ray 

 frame had been before the public. 

 Evidently he then considered the 



