30 



VARIOUS FOOD-PLANTS 



Fig. 23. — Filbert or Hazelnut (Carylus Avclluna, Hirch Family, Bctulaccce) . 

 1, a twig bearing on the right two loose, hanging, yellowish flower- 

 clusters eonsisting entirely of staminate flowers and their scale-like 

 bracts, and on the left and at the tip, two pistillate flower-clusters 

 enclosed ^ by bracts and bud-scales which permit only the crimson 

 stigmas to protrude (natural size). 2, a single staminate flower, viewed 

 from below, showing the numerous stamens and the scale to which 

 they are attached (enlarged, the vertical line at the right showing the 

 natural size). 3, a single stamen (enlarged). 4. a pistillate flower, cut 

 vertically through the ovary, showing the two ovules (only one of 

 which commonly ripens into a seed), the short style, and two stigmas 

 which protrude beyond the bract-cup (enlarged). 5 , the fruit, partially 

 enclosed by the now leafy bract-cup. 6, the nut removed, showing 

 the scar where it was attached at the base. (5 and 6, natural size.) 

 (Wossidlo.) — The plant is a shrub or small tree ' 3-10 m. tall, much 

 branched; twigs ash-colored, sticky-hairy; bark on older stems mottled 

 bright brown and gray; leaves downy below; nuts brown. 



' Shrulis and trees are distinguished from herbs by hdving woody stems 

 above ground which live from year to year. A tree is a self-supporting 

 woody i)lant which becomes several times taller than a man, and forms a 

 single main trunk. A shrub diff'ers from a tree in being usually of less 

 height and having many well-developed branches starting from near the 

 ground in place of a main trunk. 



