VARIOUS F0(3D-PLANTS 



105 



Fig. 11.'^. — Olive {Olca europwa, Olive Family, Oleaceas). A, flowering 

 branch. B, flower. C, corolla and stamens. D, calyx and pistil, cut 

 vertically. E, fruit. F, same with the pulp cut through to show the 

 "stone" within. G, seed, cut vertically between the seed-leaves. 

 H, same, cut vertically across the seed-leaves. (Knoblauch.) — An 

 evergreen tree or shrub, with grayish-green leaves, cream-colored, 

 flagrant flowers, and purplish fruit. 



This is essentially as follows. The roots are first reduced to a 

 pulp, and then sul^jected to pressure, which forces out the 

 milky sap together with a large quantity of starch. After 

 standing a while, the starch settles from this poisonous 

 fluid. The latter is then poured off, and the starch, spread 

 upon iron plates, is heated until all vestige of poison has 

 disappeared, and the starch-grains becoming somewhat 

 gummy adhere together into small irregular masses whicli 

 constitute the tapioca of commerce. 



A seaweed known as carrageen or "Irish moss" (Fig. 118), 

 found along the North Atlantic coast on both sides of the 



