INDEX 



587 



All numbers refer to pages, heavj^ type indicating illustrations. 



444, 445, 449, 4.52, 457; of crow- 

 foot family, 437, 438; of fern- 

 worts, 548, 549; of flowering 

 plants, 559, 560; of human so- 

 ciety, 468; of mankind, 468, 469; 

 of mossworts, 531; of ovaries, 

 557; of plants, 560; of scour- 

 ing-rushes, 543; of seed-plants, 

 658, 559, 560; of thallophytes, 

 510; of the universe, 464; of 

 vegetable kingdom, 466 



Exalbuminous seed, 363, 557 



Excelsior, 241 



Exogenous stems, 387 



Exospore, 478 



Exstipulate leaf, 359 



Extinct, branches, 449; types, 467 



Extinction, 467, 468 



Ej-e-spot, 482 



Fabrics, 223 



Factors of change, 468 



Fagacece, Beech Family 



Fagales, Beech Order 



Fagopyrum esculentum, Buck- 

 wheat 



Fagus sijlratica, European Beech 



Fallen Stars, 473, 474 



Family, 7, 403; chain, 355; tree, 

 436, 437 



Famine, effect of, 463 



Fans, palm-leaf, 388 



Farm implements, 256 



Fat, 34; in foods, 114 



Fats, 74, 114, 115 



Feeding, imitation of, 563 



Feehng, 573; in plants and ani- 

 mals, 562 



Fence rails, 258 



Fences, 245, 260 



Fennel-flower, 328-332, 333-341, 

 342-356, 404, 405 



Fermentation, 156, 494 



Fermented beverages, 156 



Fern prothallium, 536 



Ferns, 308, 311, 532; climbing, 

 299; evolution of, 558; fossil, 

 534; herbaceous, 535 



Fernworts, 394, 396, 548 



Fertility of hybrids a test of spe- 

 cies, 430 



Fertilization, 484, 552; in angio- 



sperms, 555, 556; in gymno- 



sperms, 551-555 

 Ferula assa-faetida, Asafetida Plant 

 Fiber-plants, 224 

 Fibers, 222, 224; animal, mineral, 



and vegetable, 223 

 Fibrils, 250 

 Fibrovascular bundles, 394, 533, 



538, 539, 540 

 Ficus carica, Fig 



elastica, India Rubber-tree 

 Field Mushroom, 113, 121, 125, 



395, 501, 502, 503 

 Fig, 88, 102, 121, 124 

 P^igwort Family, 382, 401, 416, 



417: foxglove, 204 

 Filament, 12, 14. 319 

 Filbert, 35, 36, 120, 124, 373; ker- 

 nel, 114 

 Filices, Ferns 

 Filicina, Ferns 

 Filling, 223 



Finishing lumbers, 263 

 Fireworks, 168 

 First of li\'ing things, 466, 566, 



567 

 Fission, 473, 560 

 Fission-algae, 558 

 Fission fungi, 492; descendants of 



fission-alga», 495 

 Fishing-rods, 274 

 Fish-lines, 223 



Fixed mode of life in plants, 575 

 Fixed oil, 34; of black mustard, 



134; of white mustard, 134 

 Fixed oils, 128, 166, 295 

 Fixity, in animals, 573; of species, 



429, 430 

 Flagellum, 482 

 Flavoring plants, 128 

 Flax, 224, 229, 231, 345, 435; as a 



type, 316; bud, 319, 320; ger- 

 mination, 317, 318; plant, 229, 



230, 231, 334 

 Flax Family, 399: flax, 229, 231 

 Flaxseed, 163, 164, 295, 318 

 Fleshy, fruits, 351; pericarp, 351, 



355; torus, 364 

 Flint in epidermis, 542 

 Floats, 279, 280 

 Floor covering, 280 

 Flooring, 263, 270 



