262 



NATURE 



[April 20, 191 1 



. I (u. I 



lull. 



in 



b.- 



lui l> 



ull 



'Homv 

 , , , ;i<ldi'- 



ilii- iii.iiii lull |)<>\\ I r 



.11 1 HI illiu; .1^ iiiditional 



il I ')■ ■> .u ' '111 ii i-lv hv- 

 '.nn'(I.(l lo liv 

 IP- insl.in<>> >>( 



!)ulli{l|'' iiii])ulsi' 



lurbini' to > 

 !><■ apparent 



;iiiil t ui Mill' 

 ;,.h ;..!::,;■. nu 



>ii(lili 



.11 II. 



:IiiiM 



, I..-. 



1?). 



.1 \\\< tuiliin 



I vlinulij likr, uiili \(iur 

 |)'';it AW 1 \|)i I iiiii 11! wliicli ill\i'~lr. Ill's tln' 

 i\it;ili<>n. i h'- clii. I (iillniillv in .ipplyint^ ll 

 i.ii'uii piiipuKliin :iM'-.'' in till- lircikiiij^ aw.ix 

 r ill' linllcuini; cut nl v.iiuhUs r.i\ili''s in ill' 



\\,i- .ill'lll])!'!] Ill fori'- till' siii W ;il.(>\r (. 



ii'i .■iiiplii^ilions 

 jx-rmissioii, t(i 



pli'iiomiiion <if 

 the lurliiii'- to 



-k; 



till- W.lI'I- 



w.-ii'-r 

 ■rt.iin 



wlun 

 limits. 



and I»ij4h-sp< ' i| turliim i|' .lU with ili 

 of the «-xpaiisli>n ;is .1 ononiic ally .\-s 

 a slow-sp.i (1 luil'iii' rannot b«- madt.- 

 oiIht hand, .1 >li.\v-spfcd turbine 

 steam muhIi huth.-r .ni'l !■'!!. r •! 

 enj^ine. In ihis s\si'iii ili- ;i 

 thini of ihc whole power. 



Aliout tifieen years .i^^o I fi;. 



lull, with ihe .-XCepliofl of til; 



(I'siroy, r \ ilox in imoj, few 

 ils applira'iion until lli'- turhiii' 

 lishe.J for f;isi N,..s.N, ■ 

 public would ~;i\ . " ^ .,11 ,. 



ol :!i.- 



what W' have said it will 

 o( I he ret iproratirifl «?ngiiv 

 luse ti), y e;i, ll work und' r 

 !• ' ipro« aiinjj «-ngine t \- 

 ri< pressur*.-, and t! 

 1 high ••flTiri'-ncy do'.\ 

 1 N<)w. th<» 

 high-pre 

 r<'(ipro< 

 t<) d<» >»<> ; 

 e\pand.s 



I- any retiprotatiiii^ 

 .|. \«.)ops about or< - 



I ps Were taken 

 i.iil !'• ' om-: firmly 



lu; technic.'il 

 up a failur" 

 turbine." About thr- •■ 

 \' ;i!n ago Messrs. Denny, of Dun- 

 barton, who in ic>oi built the fir-t 

 mercantile turbine vessel, the A'i»i^ 

 Eduard. built the first con - 

 bination v.ssel, flv Otaki, of cfr'' 



:i lurl 

 Ih'' i 



mil 



cnnsuii: 

 >'-rviii- 

 on the 

 quadrupl 



Fi<;. 3. — The gearing of the I'es/a.'t'nii. (From Engineering.) 



l-w-it:ht c.-ipricity and ■ , 

 has ordina: 

 by tripl' - 

 ' ii^ni'-. exiiausti" ■ 

 driving a centra'. 



i! iir- --.ur'' .-ir the : 



' it generat- - 

 |)ower. T! 

 IS found t ' 

 less coal o' 

 in ii-r sisu-r vessel Oran 

 ante service, fitted with 

 reciprocating engines. 

 The IT xt coiiibination vessel w.i- 

 tho l.anrriitir. < f 20,000 tons, bui!" 

 1> .nd and Wolff, .-. 



yiegantic, beir... 

 titt' (1 w;;n qunuruple engin- - 

 on service at the same sp 

 savint; in roal bv the con-- 

 is 14 p. r ,. n;. 



M'sM-s. !1,,:1..; 

 also t'lliiil;; ill-- cuilliiiu.ilio;! sy >t,:)U 

 in the Whii'-; Star lin-rs Olympic 

 and Titanic, of (x),ooo tons dis- 

 placement, and some other com- 

 panies at home and abroad are 

 also adopting the combination 

 system. 



There is another alternative 

 solution which promises to e.^ctend 

 the field of the turbine further 

 over that of the reciprocating 

 ..„,(;„.. \\p nien''""^e,) h.f.^re that 



had in 



1 he phenonieiion was 

 croft and .Mr. Svdn. \ 

 tit>n, which invoUi s j 

 fast Vessels are now 



first observ' (1 li\ 



H.irnalu-. In cnli 



;ri al loss of powii 



made with \. r\ \ 



1 Thorny- 

 lid civil a- 



pnip 



mil about two-thirds of the disc ana, wliirh .i^iv's ,1 v. ly 

 wide bearing on the water, and prevents its giving way 

 under the force. 



In models, and in vessels of moderate speed, the forces 

 are not sufficient to tear the water asund'T, but if the 

 pressure of the atmosphere is removed, a model screw will 

 o.'ivitate at a comparatively moderate speed. 



The marine turbine, with the modifications w.- li.iv- 

 «o far described, is only suitable for vessels of mon' than 

 iti knots sea speed, and to make it suitaM'- for th' r'^iiain- 

 ing two-thirds of the tonnage of the world h,is Ivmi our 

 constant aim. The first plan to this end u> !<■ .ul.ipted is 

 somewhat in the nature of a comproniis. . and is called 

 the combination system, because the reciproc.uing engine 

 is used to take the first part of the expansion and the 



trtxluced h'lii a! too:' ■.■ 'lu 



little turhin- -. I- • 



on a small ~ .^1 . 1\ 



to ill'- ;issur.ini' ot 'qua! - 



r;'.insniis-,;on <.>f lari;i' jxiw • 



-After soni'- pi'limin,ary . n|.-.. .. 

 helical reduction i^iar. which 

 efficiency of more than uS p ;• r. • 

 constructed in 1807 ; the v 

 20,000 revolutions per mi: 

 reduction of 14 tv> i on to ::i 

 twin propell' rs at about 141 

 attained was o ■•■ ' - .. . i 

 many years in u~ 



'Jhe next step ; 



1908, the Vcspasuui. ol 4350 tons ,; 

 expansion en,«in':s of 000 horsi. -}>->\\ 

 overhauling and testing her existing 



• li- 



es m- 

 of his . 

 d well 

 ave led 

 for the 

 •usand horse. 

 • \ ars ago on 

 mechanical 

 launch w-as 

 :urbine was 

 ired in one 

 ;ing driving 

 The speed 

 ~ .o^.e boat was 



a cargo boat in 



. and triple 



thoroughly 



achinerv for coal 



and water consumption, the engines were replaced by 



NO. 2164, VOL. 86] 



