April 27, 191 1] 



NATURE 



277 



methods by which hydrogen and heUum have been 

 liquefied by means of various improvements. Atten- 

 tion is directed in the concluding chapter to the many 

 uses, both in the laboratory and commercially, to 

 which low temperatures may be applied, such as the 

 separation of the various ingredients of air by frac- 

 tional distillation. 



Most of the important points in connection with the 

 production and applications of cold are to be found, 

 treated in an elementary and lucid manner, in this 

 book, which should serve admirably the purpose in- 

 tended by its author. 



Was die meisten Amateur- und manche Fachphoto- 

 graphen nicht wissen : Ein Handbuch praktischer 

 Ratschldge und Erfahrungen. By Prof. F. Schmidt. 

 Pp. xiii+175. (Leipzig: Verlag Otto Nemnich, 

 1911.) 

 The author finds that amateurs and even expert 

 photographers often fail to take the trouble to under- 

 stand their work, and are ignorant, not only of the 

 principles upon which it is founded, and which are 

 therefore the only safe guides to its successful appli- 

 cation, but also of many simple practical and com- 

 mercial facts concerning it. So he has prepared this 

 volume in sections varying in length from a line or 

 two to a page or two, each with a conspicuously 

 printed heading indicating the subject treated. The 

 arrangement is exactly the old style of question and 

 answer, except that the question is put in the form 

 of a statement or title, such as " What a landscape 

 lens is," "When one mav dilute the developer," and 

 so on. The information is generally of the kind that 

 would be called elementary, tending in parts perhaps 

 to be too superficial, and may be accepted as evidence 

 that even in Germany, where education is so well 

 systematised, the general knowledge concerning so 

 common an applied science as photography is behind 

 the needs of the times. Many convenient and some 

 apparently novel methods are given, as, for example, 

 to facilitate necessary calculations. A drawback to 

 the book from the point of view of the English reader 

 is that in the lists of makers of different kinds of 

 lenses, sensitive materials, &c., although there are 

 included some little-known German firms, English 

 firms appear to be ignored altogether. 



The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and 

 Burma. Published under the authoritv of the 

 Secretary of State for India in Council. Edited bv 

 Dr. A. E. Shipley, F.R.S., assisted by G. A. K. 

 Marshall. Rhynchota. Vol. v., Heteroptera. 

 Appendix by W. L. Distant. Pp. xii + 362. (Lon- 

 don : Taylor and Francis ; Calcutta : Thacker, 

 Spink and Co. ; Berlin : R. Friedlander and Son, 

 1910.) Price 10s. 

 In this supplementary volume, Mr. Distant describes 

 a large number of species which have recently come 

 into his hands, but most of which have already been 

 described in advance of the present work in the Annals 

 and Magazine of Natural History, the Annales de la 

 Sac. Ent. de Belgique, &c. ; and thus he completes his 

 work on the Indian Heteroptera. This volume ex- 

 tends from the family Lygaeidae to the family 

 Corixidae, and we are informed that "A further 

 volume, which will form an appendix to the 

 Homoptera, will complete the enumeration of the 

 Indian Rhynchota, with the exception of the families 

 Psyllidae, Aphididae, Aleurodidae, and Coccidae." The 

 soecies here described e.xtend from Nos. 2769 to 3135, 

 and are illustrated by 214 excellent illustrations in 

 the text. The first page is devoted to controversial 

 questions of nomenclature, and a few bibliographical 

 notes. 



NO. 2165, VOL. 86] 



Nigeria and its Tin Fields. By A. F. Calvert. Pp. 

 xvi+ 188 + 259 plates. (London: Edward Stanford, 

 1910.) Price 35. 6d. 



This book is intended to provide information concern- 

 ing Nigeria, to which special attention has recently 

 been directed by the revelation of vast alluvial tin 

 deposits in the province of Bauchi (northern Nigeria). 

 The author discusses the present means of communi- 

 cation, the possibility of railway development, and 

 the character of tin deposits, which are situated about 

 3000 to 4000 feet above sea-level. He states that it is 

 estimated that the tin deposits are scattered over an 

 area of about 2500 square miles, that the tin produced 

 is considered to be some of the best ever imported 

 into Europe, and that it commands a price equal to, 

 if not higher than, that of the Straits tin. Details 

 are given of the companies which are at work, and 

 the new mining regulations are stated in full. One 

 interesting feature of the book is the large number 

 of illustrations, which are collected together at the 

 end. 



Mathematical Papers for Admission into the Royal 

 Military Academy and the Royal Military College 

 for the Years 1905-10. Edited by E. J. Brook- 

 smith and R. M. Milne. Various papers, separately 

 paged. (London : Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 191 1.) 

 Price 6s. 



The editors have provided answers to the questions 

 set during the past six years for candidates seeking 

 admission to the Royal Military Academy and College. 

 Teachers whose duty it is to prepare candidates for 

 these examinations should find the publication a con- 

 venience. 



Huxley and Education. By Prof. H. F. Osborn. 



Pp. 45. (New York : Charles Scribner's Sons, 



1910.) 

 Prof. Osborn 's address at the opening of the college 

 year at Columbia University last September is here 

 printed in the form of a book for the pocket. Some 

 of his remarks remind one of the aphorisms of his 

 old master, Huxley. To quote one example : — " Do 

 not climb that mountain of learning in the hope that 

 when you reach the summit you will be able to think 

 for yourself; think for yourself while you are climb- 

 ing." 



William Ford Stanley. His Life and Work. Edited 

 by Richard Inwards. Pp. 82. (London : Crosby 

 Lockwood and Son, 191 1.) Price 2s. 6d. net. 

 The first five chapters of this book are autobiograph- 

 ical, and in the remaining four the editor gives an 

 interesting account of the late Mr. Stanley's^ active 

 life. There are two appendices, the first being an 

 article on technical trade schools, which was the 

 last paper written by Mr. Stanley, and the second the 

 events in Mr. Stanley's life arranged in chronological 

 order. The book will be interesting to many readers. 



Die Elemente der Entwicklungslehre des Menschen 

 und der Wirbeltiere. By Prof. O. Hertwig. 

 Vierte Auflage. Pp. viii + 458. (Jena: Gustav 

 Fischer.) Price 9.50 marks. 



The first edition of this work on the leading facts 

 of embryological science was noticed in Nature of 

 April 26, 1900 (p. 610). The work has been enlarged 

 by about fifty pages, and there are now 399 figures 

 instead of the 332 in the original edition. For 

 students familiar with the German language, the 

 volume provides an excellent introduction to em- 

 bryology. 



