June 22, 191 1] 



NATURE 



57. 



parison and collation of the results garnered in so many 

 parts of the Empire. 



(11) The council therefore proposes (a) that there should 

 be established in London an Imperial Bureau of 

 Anthropology ; (b) that the bureau should be managed by 

 a committee constituted of the Council of the Royal 

 Anthropological Institute, and containing representatives of 

 the Governments of the British Dominions, of the India 

 and Colonial Offices, and of those Universities in Great 

 Britain, in India and the Colonies and Dependencies of the 

 Empire where anthropology is systematically studied. 



(12) The council further proposes that in each of the 

 British Dominions, in India and in the Crown Colonies, 

 there should be established local committees on which the 

 local university or universities and scientific associations 

 should be represented : that these committees should main- 

 tain close touch with active workers, superintend the 

 collection of anthropological data in accordance with the 

 plans and methods formulated by the Central Committee 

 and transmit them to the Imperial Bureau, where they 

 would be collated, printed, and issued from time to time in 

 suitable form. 



(13) Too much cannot be said as to the importance from 

 a scientific standpoint of such a scheme. The council 

 thinks it is justified in urging that from the aspect of 

 practical utility such a bureau would render most valuable 

 service for many years to come to all who are engaged in 

 the task of spreading civilisation, whether as servants of 

 the Empire, as traders, or as missionaries and travellers. 



(14) The council therefore asks for financial assistance to 

 enable it to provide and equip the bureau with a well- 

 trained and competent staff, and to publish as may be 

 necessary the information collected by local committees 

 with funds at their disposal, to enable them to employ 

 trained investigators when desirable. 



(15) The council estimates that for the first five years the 

 cost of maintaining and equipping such a bureau would be 



(16) The Council recognises the value and importance of 



scientific body which is entitled by its standing to speak 

 with authority on such matters. 



A. P. Maudsl.\y, President. 

 J. Gr.ay, Hon. Treasurer. 

 T. A. Joyce, Hon. Secretary. 

 (For the Council of the 



Royal Anthropological Institute.) 



TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND INDUSTRIES.' 



"T^ HE widefelt need for drastic improvements in our 

 -*■ systems of education makes the present period a 

 critical one. We are on the verge of important changes 

 which will probably be made by the Board of Education 

 in its rules and regulations, and this naturally makes the 

 present an anxious time to us as teachers. In addition, 

 we are threatened with what may almost be called a 

 revolt of the ratepayer, who is often far from realising 

 fully the intimate relationship between industrial progress 

 and technical education. Though this subject has been 

 discussed almost ad nauseam, I propose to put before you 

 some striking figures derived from the recently published 

 Census of Production, of 1907. 



The following tabular statement gives details of net 

 output, number of salaried persons and wage-earners 

 employed, and the net output per head of the nine leading 

 industries already published in the summaries of the 

 census, coal mining being omitted, as this is of a very 

 different character from the other industries. The net out- 

 put represents the value added to the raw material during 

 the processes of manufacture. For purposes of compari- 

 son, I have added the percentages of salaried persons and 

 wage-earners respectively in each industry. A glance at 

 the table at once reveals the important fact that the net 

 output per head broadly rises throughout with an increase 

 of the percentage of salaried persons. Although this con- 

 clusion is derived from a comparison of different industries, 

 we are probably safe in assuming that it will hold good 

 in a similar way when applied to different branches of one 

 and the same industry. This suggests that, within certain 

 limits, the employment of a large number of skilled techno- 

 logists will develop the industry into higher forms, which 

 is accompanied by an increase of productivity. This must 

 in course of time react on the prosperity of the country as 

 a whole, and determine its position in the industrial 

 struggle between the nations of the world. 



SUMMARY FROM CENSUS OF PRODUCTION, 1907. 



Trade. 



1. Engineering Factories (including Electric. Eng.) 



2. Cotton Factories 



3. Iron and Steel Factories (including Smelting, Foundry, 



Rolling ) 



4. Woollen and Worsted Factories 



5. Shipbuilding Yards and Marine Engineering Works 



(Private Firms) 



6. Rail ways;( Construction, Repair, and Maintenance of Per- 



manent Way, Plant and Rolling Stock 



7. Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing, and Finishing Factories ... 



8. Chemicals, Coal Tar Products, 1 J rugs, and Perfumery 



Factories 



9. Jute, Linen, and Hemp Factories 



Average _ 



Net 

 Annual 

 Output. 



49,425,000 

 46,941,000 



30,948,000 

 19,452,000 



17,678,000 



17,103,000 

 10,369,000 



9,464,000 

 9,338,000 



Number of Persons Employed. 



Salaries. 



33.384 

 12,391 



14,064 

 9,097 



9.4S2 



8,790 

 6,154 



5.981 

 3.619 



Wages. 



416,924 

 560,478 



248,161 

 247,920 



175,105 



232,736 

 96,457 



45.107 

 149,845 



Total. 



455.561 

 572,869 



262,225 

 257,017 



184,557 



241,526 

 102,611 



51,008 

 153.464 



Percentage of 

 Persons Employed. 



Salaries. Wages 



7'3 



2*2 



5-4 

 3 5 



51 



37 

 60 



117 

 2-3 



4-5 



927 

 97-8 



94 "6 

 965 



94*9 



96-3 

 940 



88-3 

 977 



95 5 



Net 



Annual 



Output 



per 



head. 



108 

 82 



118 

 76 



96 



71 

 lOI 



185 

 61 



93 



the work which has already been accomplished by Govern- 

 ment aid in Canada, Australia, India, in Southern Nigeria, 

 Ceylon, and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, and desires very 

 earnestly that this work should be carried on with greater 

 continuity over a wider area in accordance with a uniform 

 plan by standard methods of investigation which should be 

 laid down by the Royal Anthropological Institute, the only 



>:0. 2173, VOL. 86] 



Scientific Research in Industry. 

 Beaconsfield is credited with having once stated that the 

 chemical trade of a country is a barometer of its pros- 

 perity, a statement for which we see there is some justifi- 



1 From the Presidential Addrrss delivered before the Association of 

 Teachers in Technical Institutions at the Southport Couference, June 5, 

 by Mr. Barker North. 



