^^EC. 17.] WATER FOR THE FARMERY. 309 



tlii-oiigh the center of the cro?s-piecc of tlie gallows, so that the small frame 

 will be held firnilj by the head of that bolt, yet will turn freely in the wind. 

 From the piston-rod of the pniup, extend a rod with a swivel-joint in the 

 center to the crank, and, let the wind blow high or low, you will have the, 

 satisfaction of knowing that your cattle are supplied with water. It is a 

 good phm to make a cistern to hold a supply in case the pump stops at any 

 time for repairs or want of wind ; the latter will not be apt to occur, as it 

 will run with a very slight breeze. From your watering-tub or trough, con- 

 duct a i)i[)e back to the well, and you need not fear frost unless the pump 

 stops. By making nse of a force-pump you may get a supply from a well 

 in the valley up to your house and barn on the hill, or to irrigate your 

 garden. See ISTos. 3G9, 370. 



How to get water most convenient to all parts of the farmery should be 

 the leading consideratioH ; because water is indispensable — neither man nor 

 beast can do without it a single day. All else may be inconvenient — water 

 should never be. It should be brought in pipes from a higher level, when- 

 ever it is practicable at any reasonable expense, because that is the most 

 convenient of all forms in which wafer can bo had at the farmery; anil no 

 i'arnicr can afford to neglect to supply his jtlace with water, if he owns a 

 spring or stream that would afford such a supply, because it is the greatest 

 labor-saving fixture that he can make. 



If aqueduct water can not be had, then convenient wells and pumps 

 should be; and if water can not be had by easy, shallow digging, in wells, 

 it can and should be in cisterns: and upon this question we will give some 

 useful information. 



33.'1. Kconomy of AqueducISi — Some farmers neglect to make i)rovision for 

 watering domestic animals until dmught actually arrives, and tlien they can 

 not. We well knew one who, during a drought, drove his cattle a mile to 

 water, at the same time that he had roof enough on his large barn to give 

 them all the drink they needed, if a cistern of proper capacity had been pre- 

 pared to retain it. The barn cost $1,000— the cistern might be built for 

 §50 — yet every animal of his large herd nnist travel miles every week for 

 necessary drink. lie might construct a cistern now, but it will be another 

 year before he can derive benefit from it, and so he puts off the labor. 



There are many others who do the same. "NVo know another fanner, who 

 has lived till past eighty years of age upon a farm where there is a gushing 

 spring of excellent water within sixty rods of his house and barn, Iiigli 

 enough to run through pijies over the top of every building, yet this man 

 draws water with a bucket from a well, which someliincs fails, when he has 

 to go to a more distant and inconvenient well, or haul water in barrels from 

 the river; and his stock, all the long winter, go down the road to the river- 

 side for drink, wasting time (and that is money) and manure, to replace 

 which ho buys fertilizers. Saving the first cost of an aqueduct, in sucii 

 cases, is not saving money. Neither is the neglect to construct cisterns a 

 good piece of economy. 



