574 



NATURE 



[February 22, 1912 



fishes, Corxs julis. A small piece of coloured paper was 

 suspended on a line above a baited hook. The fish learnt 

 to associate the hook with the paper, as after being twice 

 caught on successive days, it refused the bait when the 

 paper was attached, but took it when the paper was re- 

 n^oved.— F. Kerforne : The tectonic of the region south 

 of Rennes. 



D'aprfes de livre 

 de A. Ballewski. 

 Gauthier-Villars.) 



BOOKS RECEIVED. 



Calcul et Construction des Alternateurs Mono- et Poly- 

 phas^s. By Prof. H. Birven. Translated by P. Dufour. 

 Pp. 179. (Paris : Gauthier-Villars.) 6 francs. 



Th^orie de la Couche Capillaire Plane des Corps Purs. 

 By Dr. G. Bakker. Pp. 95. (Paris : Gauthier-Villars.) 

 2 francs. 



Organisation et Direction des Usines. 

 allemand intitule " Der Fabrikbetrieb " 

 By A. Mayer. Pp. vi + 220. (Paris: 

 7.50 francs. 



Kant's Gesammelte Schriften. Herausgegeben von der 

 Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 

 Band xiv. Dritte Abtheilung : Handschriftlicher Nachlass. 

 Band i. : Mathematik-Physik and Chemie-Physische Geo- 

 graphic. Pp. lxii + 637. (Berlin: G. Reimer.) 19 marks. 



Ruins of Desert Cathay. Personal Narrative of Explora- 

 tions in Central Asia and Westernmost China. By M. 

 Aurel Stein. Vol. i. Pp. xxxviii + 546 + plates and map. 

 Vol. ii. Pp. xxi + 517 + plates and maps. (London : Mac- 

 millan and Co., Ltd.) 2 vols. 42s. net. 



Diesel Engines for Land and Marine Work. By A. P. 

 Chalkley. With an introductory chapter by Dr. R. Diesel. 

 Pp. xi + 226. (London: Constable and Co., Ltd.) 85. 6d. 

 net. 



Mineralogy. By F. Rutley. Eighteenth edition. Pp. 

 viii + 267. (London: T. Murby and Co.) 2s. net. 



Vanished .Arizona. Recollections of the Army Life of a 

 New England Woman. By M. Summerhayes. Second 

 edition. Pp. 319 (Salem, Mass. : The Salem Press Com- 

 pany.) 1.60 dollars. 



Practical Chemistry for Engineering Students. By A. J. 

 Hale. Pp. xvi+192. (London: Longmans and Co.) 3s. 

 net. 



An Experimental Course of Physical Chemistry. By 

 Dr. J. F. Spencer. Part IL Dynamical E.xperiments. 

 Pp. xvi + 256. (London : G. Bell and Sons, Ltd.) 3s. 6d. 



Solutions of the Exercises in Godfrey and Siddons's 

 Solid Geometry. By C. L. Beaven. Pp. 164. (Cam- 

 bridge : University Press.) 55. net. 



Examples in Arithmetic, Part L Taken from A School 

 Arithmetic. By H. S. Hall and F. H. Stevens. With 

 Answers. Pp. vii+ ii^ + .\xii. (London: Macmillan and 

 Co., Ltd.) IS. 6d. 



A. B.C. of Hydrodynamics. By Lieut. -Colonel R. de 

 Villamil. Pp. xi+135. (London: E. and F. N. Spon, 

 Ltd.) 6s. net. 



The Gardener and the Cook. By L. H. Yates. Pp. 

 X + 260. (London: Constable and Co., Ltd.) 3s. 6d. 



DIARY OF SOCIETIES. 



THURSDAY, February 22. 



Royal Society, at 4.30. — Bakerian Lecture : The Variation of the Specific 

 Heat of Water investigated by the Continuous Mixture Method : 

 Prof. H. L. Callendar, JF.R.S.— Index to Reports of Physical Observa- 

 tions — Electric, Magnetic, Meteorological, Seismological— made at Kew 

 Observatory: Dr. C. Chree, F.R.S.— On the Velocities of Ions in Dried 

 Gases: R. T. Lattey and H. T. Tizard. — The Observation by means of 

 a String Electrometer of Fluctuations in the lonisation produced by 

 y Rays : Prof. T. H. Laby and P. W. Burbidge.— The Wave Problem of 

 Cauchy and Poisson for Liquid of Finite Depth and for Slightly Com- 

 pressible Liquid : F. B. Pidduck. 



Institution of Electrical Engineers, at 8.— The Supply and Trans- 

 mission of Power in Self-contained Road Vehicles and Locomotives : J. C. 

 Macfarlane and H. Burge. 



FRIDAY, February 23. 



Royal Institution, at g.— The Gyrostatic Compass and Practical Appli 

 cations of Gyrostats : George K. B. Elphinstone. 



Physical Society, at 5'— A Method of Accurate Comparison of Quantities 

 of Radium : Prof. E. Rutherford, F.R.S., and Mr. Chadwick.— The 

 -■Absorption of the y-rays by Gases ; Mr. Chadwick. — On Wave-form 

 Sifters for Alternating Currents : A. Campbell. 



Institution of Civil Engineers, at 8.— Works for the Prevention of 

 Coast-erosion : W. T. Douglass. 



SATURDAY, February 24. 



Royal Institution, at 3.— Molecular Physics : Sir J. J. Thomson, F.R.S 



Essex Field Club, at 6 (at Essex Museum, Stratford).— Report on the 

 Liche-is of Epping Forest. II. : R. Paulson and P. G. Thompson. 



MONDA y, KuBKUAhV 96. 

 RovXl GEOCRArHicAi. Society, at 8.30.— The Economic Geography of the 



Tyn<! : A. J. Sargent. 

 Royal Society of Arts, at 8. — The Ixwm and Spindle: PaMj Present 



and Future ; Primitive Weaving Appliances : Prenistoric, Ancient, and 



Modern : L. Hooper. 

 Institute OF Actuaries, at j. — On the Principle Provisiont of the Law 



of Bankruptcy in England, with References to some Decisions of Interest 



to Life Insurance Companie.s : N. J. Carter. 



TUESDA Y, Fkbruary 27. 



Royal Institution, at ^.—Optical Determination of Stress, and tome 

 Applications to Engineering Problems : Prof. E. O. Coker. 



Institution of Civil Engineers, at i.—Furlktr Discussion: Some 

 Features of the West African Government Railw.rvs : F. Shelford. — 

 ProhabU Papers : (i) Roller and Ball Bearings ; (2) The Testing of Anti- 

 friction Bearing Metals : Prof. J . Goodman. 



WEDNESDAY, February »P. 

 Grological Society, at 8. — Late Glacial and Post-glacial Changes in the 



Lower Dee Valley : L. I. Wills.— The Glen Orchy Anticline (Argyllshire) : 



K. B. liailey and M. \facgregor. 

 Royal Society of Arts, at 8. — Education in Science as a Preparation 



for Industrial Work : H. A. Roberts. 

 British Astronomical Association, at 5. 



THURSDAY, February 20. 

 KovAL Society, at ^.y^.— Probable Papers: The Bacterial Production ol 

 Acetylinethylcarbinol and 2.3. Butylen; Glycol. II: Dr. A. Harden, 

 F.R.S., and Dorothy Norris.— An Instrument for Mea.suring the Distance 

 between the Centres of Rotation of the Two Eyes: H. S. Ryland and 

 B. T. Lan4. — The Locomotor Function of the Lantern in Echinus, with 

 remarks on other Allied Lantern Activities : Dr. J. F. Gemmill. — The Rela- 

 tijn of Wild Animals to Trypanosomiasis: Capt. A. D. Fraser, R.A.M.C., 

 and Dr. H. L. Duke. — The Transmis.sion of Trypanosoma nanuni 

 (Laveran): Dr. H. L. Duke. — The Development of a Leucocytozoon of 

 Guinea-pigs: E. H. Ross. 



FRIDAY, March i. 

 Royal Institution, at 9.— The Total Solar Ex:lipse in the South Pacific, 



April, 191 1 : Dr. W. J. si. Lockyer. 

 Institution of Civil Engineers, at 8. — The Design and Construction 



of Masonry Dams : H. J. F. Gourley. 



SATURDAY, March 2. 

 Royal Institution, at 3.— Mo'ecular Physics : Sir J. F.Thomson, F.R.S. 



CONTENTS. PAGE 



The Story of the Soil. By Dr. E. J. Russell .... 541 



Two Important Works on Climatology 542 



The Last Volume of Lord Kelvin's Papers. ByA. G. 543 



Sewage Purification. ]}y Edward Ardern 544 



Vertebrates of Tweed 545 



Our Book Shelf 540 



Letters to the Editor: — 



FilzRoy and Darwin, 1831-36. — Dr. Francis 



Darwin, F.R.S 547 



Osmotic and Liquid Membranes. {With Diagram.) 



—The Earl of Berkeley, F.-K.S 548 



Microscope Stands. — F. R. Brand 549 



On Martian Detail. — James H. Worthington . . 550 

 A Simple Automatic Syphon. {With Diagram.) — 



J. G. Thomson 550 



Glazed Frost. — W. Ermen 550 



The Industrial Uses of Ozone. {Illustrated.) By 



Dr. F. MoUwo Perkin 551 



Melanesians. {lUtissvated.) . 554 



The Etiology of Kala-azar . 5^5 



Lord Lister, O.M., F.R.S liv Sir W. Watson 



Cheyne, F.R.S ' 556 



Notes 560 



Our Astronomical Column : — 



The Nova, or Variable, 87. 191 1 Persei 565 



Observations of Jupiter 565 



Photometric Observations of the Asteroids 565 



Observations of Comets 565 



Occuliations of Mars and the Question of the Existence 



of a Lunar Atmosphere 565 



South African Meteorites 565 



Astrophysics in Canada. {Illtutralcd.) By Charles P. 



Butler 5O5 



The Precipitin Reaction 566 



Scientific Memorial Volume, Celebration of the 



500th Anniversary, University of St. Andrews . . 566 



The Control of Insect Pests in Canada 567 



"External" Degrees at the University of London 567 

 Some Phases of the Coal-dust Question. By Prof. 



W. Galloway ' . . . 56S 



University and Educational Intelligence 570 



Societies and Academies 57^ 



Books Received 574 



Diary of Societies 574 



NO. 2208, VOL. 88] 



