to4 



NATURE 



[February 29, 19 12 



of ]iM-|;.il:i 'I..!.. \ .A\i\ t.iullirij. 

 liii' liii- I'l ' uif^hl I 111 111' iiili' I - 

 .ij;.Mi:-! \\,nl(,(k and l.u.l|.>o, 

 ill. 11 ,i( 111 III ihi- Siluri.iii ■-11 ;ii,i 

 il uiuild ,i|)|ii Ji lli.il llii^ iillii-r 

 ll:i> |);isi I \ 1(1 till ill- 1 1 ill l\ iiit; 

 (if I II" |)(>>l-Siluri;in im \ ■ ih' nl -. 



long a north-and-south | wcH-f^raclfd int.'rmndiatp mixture> 



•PU- 



Im-.N 



Ihl 



■ \ .1 i).u rii r u iiii 11 

 -I 111. Ill till- . ff.'i I- 



Linnean Society, I'llmin v 15. Dr. I). II. .Stoti, K.K.S., 

 |)i I'sidi-nl , in ilir rli.iii . R. II. Compton ; Aii in\i:^iiL;;i- 

 liiin ill ilii- sirdliiiL; i:,! :,!■'■ in tin- I .iL;uniinii^;i-. '\\v 

 111" haliil i- lnUI 111 III' |)iiniili\i- in iIm I .< L^inniim-a-. :'• 

 li'iliai iiai-. Iialiil diT:\i'd; llii-se rl i.ir.u l.r-- .-iii iiinilal.i! 

 1 i^prrl i\il\ , willi ill. )ii iidih I inn i.l l.ii?.;' and -.mall ^1.11-, 

 .111(1 llirn tnri' i>f l.ir_t;i and -111. ill --.iillinj^-. A -l.alil. I\|). 

 Ill li'iran liy i^ rurnlalid willi larf;i -i/i- nf --i;<illinL;. and 

 i-- ihi-ii'ltiii- piaili.dily priinil i\i-. Sinii- hulli iln- ixjic nf 

 s\inini'li\ .and llir li\il nf ir.an^ilinn ari- cli'arK ii laliil In 

 ill" •~\/>- nf ill" Midliiii^, il .'i|)|)i';ir> thai, with i"rl;iin |)(i^-.il.!" 

 "Mipl inn-, ih,-,!- .an.itninii ,il fi-atiir"-- .ii" iint lik"l\ in in ni 

 inni" value in solving; ]ih\ inL;"ni| ir prnlilini-- than the -!/«•- 

 rli.d alters themscK-.s. 



Royal Anthropological Institute, 1 el ruary :o. — l)i. 

 W. L. 11. Duck\Morth : Cave . \|)l(ii-atinn at (lihraltar 

 during September, 191 1. The 'xi .i\atinn> rnnnm m 1 d 1>\ 

 Dr. Duckworth in September, Kirn [v. N\iii;i, M.in h ii., 

 1911, p. 100, and 77/i> Alhriidcuin . March 11, iniii, wire 

 resumed in Se|)ii mhi-r. imi. In the lir~i in-i.-na ", a 

 fissure near '" Heefsieak Ca\r,'" Europa Mat.--, \\a- "X- 

 plored. It \ ieldcd stalagmite-encrusted bones nf a -i.il;. 

 together with comparatively recent bones of donn -1 r 

 animals, as well as those of seabirds and hawks. A cave 

 on the Mediterranean aspect of the Rock was entered. 

 This cave is marked " 4a " in the illustration of Genista 

 Cave, No. 4 in Dr. Busk's paper. Cave 4« yielded many 

 bones, representing a long list of mammals and birds, but 

 no human remains came to light. Attention was then 

 directed to Sewell's Cave (cave S) on the Mediterranean 

 side, which yielded so many bones in igio. Sewell's Cave 

 was not completely explored in that year, but has now 

 been thoroughly investigated. The most interesting finds 

 in 191 1 are several very delicate flint implements, a human 

 tooth and wrist bone, part of a shell armlet, fitting on to 

 a corresponding fragment found in 19 10, a specimen of the 

 mollusc Nassa retictdata, and a bone which i^ almost 

 certainly that of a leopard. Fragments of pniiiry were 

 also collected. Holyboy's Cave was again visited (cf. 

 Report, 1910), and the hip bone of a small bear was found 

 there on the surface of the floor. Apart from work in the 

 caves, the fissures opening near the galleries, and the talus 

 near the King's Lines, were inspected, some cervine bones 

 being found in situ in one fissure. — A. L. Lewis : Some 

 prehistoric monuments in the departments Card and 

 Bouches du Rhone. 



Edinburgh. 



Royal Society, January 22. — Dr. J. Burgess, vice- 

 president, in the chair. — G. H. Gulliver : Note upon the 



ig the second period of 



the temperature is not 



structure of ternary alloys. Dur 

 solidification of a ternary alloy 



constant, and some liquid is always present. The crystal 

 of the two separating phases are, therefore, enabled to 

 grow to an appreciable size, and instead of the fine struc- 

 ture of a eutectic they have the form, and nearly the size. 

 of the crystals of the primary jihase. — Dr. R. A. 

 Houstoun and his associates continued their r<-earches on 

 the absorption of light by inorganic salts : \n. v. iby Dr. 

 Houstoun), copper and the alkali metals : and Xo. vi. 

 (by A. R. Brown), the cobalt chloride colour change. The 

 former paper gave the molecular extinction coefficient for 

 aqueous solutions of thirteen salts in the ultra-violet, visible 

 spectrum, and infra-red. The values for the infra-red were 

 obtained with a thermopile, and those for the ultra-violet 

 by a new photographic photometer. This, howiver. did 

 not prove so successful as the photographic photometer used 

 in previous work along with J. S. Anderson. Part of the 

 apparatus was a mirror spectroscope of original design, 

 with nickel mirrors and automatic focussing. In the 

 experimental work described in the second paper, anhydrous 

 cobalt chloride was dissolved in mixtures of alcohol and 

 water, and twenty-three different solutions were prepared, 

 the solvent varying from pure water to pure alcohol through 



NO. 2209, VOL. 88] 



iii.'it : 

 ■'I'l' 



IK 



The uptical iii'-asun - 



' '• r tfiroiK ' 



" .liMU-l .. 



" '1 iii;i-- aetitjii, ai; : 

 -niutinii i,f 1 obait chloi 



;^i 11 .1- ini-a-iiri 

 11 with Grasli 



Oiis.rx-.-ilinn- 



Aicnicola, but dil; 

 gills and 



I '.■;i win. 



W nil li:i 111 l]i 111 III" 



ih.'il in ih" r"<l atpenu 

 j each molii ul" 111 -alt u.i- imnliii'i •' •' •■ 



molecid"- of w.ttiT. Ouantit.-itJM 

 I cobalt hi-x.dudr.il" hm •• out thi- \ !■ 



truin ol tin l.atli-r Ix'.w^ quit" dilh 1. m 



nl the -nluiinii. W, J. Crawford: I h" 



ilat.-. 'Ihi- u.a- .111 ■ "xperiiui-ntal inve.stiga- 



II till- "l.i-i 1 -Inn, nped circular and rect- 



..^,.,.ir pl.aii- -tihjii I In .1 .,. . hxfjrostatic pres*ure on 



ill" nil" -id". I h" ,in.-il\ t'eal th"ory for circular plates was 



M-riliid, and th" nsult- fnr \:iriou- forms of rectangular 



plat" wei" c (juipan-d with (ira-fiof- lorimila, uhith 



pur'd\ i-nipirii al .and not in harinnp'. w.'th f-itviani' ■ 



prinii|)li- of the ihi-or\- of 1 1. 



Inr lh<- in.axiniuin -li"-- and 



-ati-fed, hut the i-xpiriim-ntal 



eurvaturi- did nnt ;ii4r"i- \-i-rv will 



])ri--ion-. Dr. J. II. Ashworth : 



-inuiui" and affinities of l'>>,i. 



Lanj^irh.ins. This small Polychat" 



111 r"-"inlil,anii- to a voung eeaudati 



from ill" lalti-r in ih" j)Osiiion vi 



iiephridia. of which there are only two pairs. The seci 



nephridium of B. vincenti is elongate, and extends thro 



three or four Segmenl^s Mlhmi.'h Hrrinrhlnmnld-in.-. i 



-ent- some primiiiv 



liaxing undergoni- in - , , — 



cornlaii-d with its tubicolous iiabils. 



Cambridge. 



Philosophical Society, January 29. — Sir Gen 

 K.C.B., F.R.S., president, in the chair. — R ' 

 Demonstration of a stereotaxic in-trun 

 insulated or other needles to an\ di -;: 

 animal's brain by graduated movement in three plaii^-- 

 E. Hindle : Observations on fowl pest. The author ' 

 shown that the offspring of .l>-.i,'ii.'c prrsicus infected w 

 Spirochaeta gallinaruiii ar" al-o infected, produi 

 spirochaetosis in the fowls on which they feed. Morin\ 

 the eggs laid by ticks reared in the laboratory, and w! 

 have always been fed on healthy fowls, are found to 

 infected. These observations show that once an Ar^ 

 becomes infected, the infection is maintained not onl\ 

 the first generation, but also in the second. — C. Strick 

 land : Gregarines in fleas. — Major Cornwrall : The r- 

 tion between the lytic point of red corpuscles jn liypoti • 

 salt solutions and the tonicity of th" -erum "\pr"-- d 

 terms of XaCl. Tlie nn-an r.-m^;" nf 1\-:- : :" 

 corpuscles was vi-r\ ni-ai'h th" -.-uii" for .li'. 

 experimented with, the averag" nf ili" "igh; 

 pi-r ri-nt. XaC'l. The majority of tht- red cnrp^. - 

 an\- particular species are l\si d at or about a p 

 dilution of salt, and comparaiivi ly fiw are "ith' r ni 

 more or much less resistant than the m.ajority. Th 

 variations probably depend on the sti" 1 ili "t th" enveloj 

 of the corpuscles. There is no of' 

 the resistance of the corpuscles of ai 

 lysis and their resistance to lysis by nonr,. 

 species. Xo definite relation could be d'- 

 the resistances of the red cor]iusclts and tii" 

 th" -1 rums. The high tonicit\' of serum 

 apparent and not real, and is perhaps due to some prot 

 — C. Warburton : The genus Rhijiiophalus. Attent; 

 was directed to the genus Rhipicephalus of the Ixodi'l 

 as presenting quite unusual difficulties to the systemat;- 

 Of course, in any group forms are liable to occur concf 

 ing which it is difficult to decide whether they ought to 

 regarded as distinct species or merely local varieties, t 

 the difficulty in subdividing the genus Rhipicephalus g< 

 much beyond this. Two forms so distinct that — on t' 

 analogy of other genera of ticks — no one would hesita 

 to recognise them as different species, are found in tw 

 different localities, where each is fairly constant to its typ 

 but presently a number of specimens are collected from a 

 single animal in a third locality completely connecting the 

 two ; and this occurs over and over again. It is sug- 

 gested that we have here a very striking case of species 

 in the act of formation, before intermediate forms have had 



ion betwi 



•i"i l-.\"r)oti" 



proba! 



