NA TURE 



193 



SATURDAY, AUGUST 11, 1923. 



CONTENTS. 



Pensionable Teaching Service .... 



Map - making from Air Photographs. ( With 

 Diagram.) ........ 



Light and Health. By Sir W. M. Bayliss, F.R.S. 

 Primitive Culture Analysed. By Dr. A. C. Haddon, 



F.R.S 



Sir Alfred Yarrow. By Engineer Vice-Admiral Sir 

 G. G. Goodwin, K.C.B. 



Our Bookshelf 



Letters to the Editor : — 



Photographic Plates for the Extreme Ultra- Violet. — 

 Prof. Theodore Lyman ..... 



The Presence of Urease in the Nodules on the Roots 



of Leguminous Plants. — E.A.Werner 

 Solar Activity and Atmospheric Electricity. — Dr. 

 L. A. Bauer ....... 



Use of Yeast Extracts in Dial:ietes. — L. B. Winter 

 and W. Smith ...... 



Tenacity of Life of an Eel. — Dr. Johs. Schmidt 

 Adsorption on 'Soil-Grains. — Prof, Grenville A. J. 



Cole, F.R.S. 



Discovery of Ascodipteron in Ceylon. — • Ronald 



Senior- White ; Dr. Hugh Scott . 

 Antarctic Geophysics. — Dr. C. Chree, F.R.S. 

 The Translocation of Carbohydrates in the Sugar 

 Maple. — J. Adams ...... 



The Origins of the Conception of Isotopes. ( With 



Diagram.) By Prof. Frederick Soddy, F.R.S. 

 Current Topics and Events 

 Our Astronomical Column 

 Research Items ..... 



International Education .... 



Botanical Surveys ..... 



The Gas Industry and Coal Conservation. By 



J. S. G. T 



Optical Works of Messrs. Adam Hilger, Ltd. ( With 



Diagram.) By C. C. L. Gregory . 

 Biometry and Mathematical Statistics 

 Glacial Deposits and Palaeolithic Cultures in East 

 Anglia ....... 



University and Educational Intelligence . 

 Societies and Academies .... 



Official Publications Received . 



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Advertisements and business letters should be 



addressed to the Publishers. 



Editorial communications to the Editor. 



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Editorial and Publishing Offices : 



MACMILLAN Sr CO., LTD., 



ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON, W.C.2. 



Telegraphic Address: PHUSIS, LONDON. 

 Telephone Number: GERRARD 8830. 



NO. 



2806, \()L. 1 I 2] 



Pensionable Teaching Service. 



IN our issue of November 18, 1922, we published a 

 leading article dealing with the principles of 

 Circular 1286 issued by the Board of Education. That 

 circular attempted to define what was a " Full-Time " 

 Teacher within the meaning of the Superannuation 

 (Teachers) Act of 1918, and the attempt was by no 

 means successful in so far as it applied to teachers of ex- 

 perimental science and teachers of technology generally, 

 and particularly to teachers of advanced subjects in 

 Technical Institutions. In the article referred to we 

 pointed out the salient defects of the proposals, and 

 we are pleased to record that in Circular 131 1 of the 

 Board of Education now before us there are not only 

 some modifications but also some " explanations " 

 which in themselves modify the original proposals 

 considerably and suggest that Full-Time Teaching 

 Service will be determined on broader and more 

 knowledgeable principles than were indicated in Cir- 

 cular 1286. 



In the new circular — we wonder, by the way, why it 

 was not issued as a " supplement to Circular 1286 " — 

 the Board of Education states that it will apply the 

 principles set out in the original circular, subject to the 

 modifications and explanations indicated. These 

 modifications go far to meet the objections raised in 

 our article referring to Circular 1286. 



The Board makes it clear that the 30 hours suggested 

 as a weekly minimum (for 36 weeks, or the equivalent) 

 were intended to include not only the hours of actual 

 teaching but also hours devoted to subsidiarv' duties 

 entailed by actual teaching ; that actual teaching 

 covers not only . class teaching in accordance with a 

 regular time-table, but also the supervision of prepara- 

 tion and tutorial work with individual pupils or small 

 groups of pupils ; and that the subsidiary duties to be 

 taken into account are not limited to those which are 

 performed on the school premises, since in many cases 

 some of 'Hiem can be performed more conveniently — 

 and, we may add, more efficiently — elsewhere. Those 

 explanations should help to round off many sharp 

 edges of the parent circular. 



There is also a more definite statement in respect 

 of relief from actual teaching hours for heads of 

 departments in Technical Schools and for assistant 

 teachers in secondary and other schools who are 

 charged with substantial duties in organising particular 

 subjects or in organising features in the corporate 

 life of the school. This is only right, and we are glad 

 to see it definitely pronounced. 



In clause 7 of the original circular there was a refer- 

 ence to research work which we considered to be very 

 unsatisfactory. The Board now states that time spent 



