August i i, 1923] 



NA TURE 



225 



the specimens have been subjected has not, so far 

 as can be seen, resulted in the removal of flakes. 

 Several rostro-carinates — representing partly finished 

 hand-axes — were found in the Acheulean strata. 



In the discussion which followed the paper. Prof. 

 W. J. Sollas said that we now have convincing 

 evidence that the greater part of the Mousterian 

 was glacial, and late glacial — Wiirm — at that. It is 

 possible that the earlier Mousterian implements of 

 the type of La Micoque belong to the interglacial 

 Riss-Wiirm. The Upper Acheulean implements found 

 at the top of the lower loess must therefore be referred 

 to the Riss glaciation. There are difficulties, how- 

 ever, and while it might be expected that something 

 intervened between Acheulean and Mousterian, there 

 is no evidence that anything did. Mr. Bury pointed 

 out that while on this site there is a separation 

 between Chelles and Acheulean types, such separation 

 does not occur in the gravels south of the Thames. 

 Curiously, the site also shows a gradual climatic 

 change working up from Acheulean to Mousterian, 

 while south of the Thames the implements occur 

 at different levels — the Acheulean at loo to 150 ft., 

 and the Mousterian, if occurring in gravels at all, 

 at lower levels. It was this apparently to which 

 Prof. Sollas referred. 



Mr. Peake said that this investigation appears to 

 clear up the difference between monoglacialists and 

 polyglacialists. One point, however, has not been 

 cleared up, and that is the relative position of the 

 different industries. On the Continent it is generally 

 held that the Mousterian equated with the Wiirm, 

 but in America Prof. Osborne at least appears to 

 have abandoned this position. The question arises, 

 which of the four glaciations recognised on the 

 Continent equate with the three glaciations for which 

 there is evidence here ? Prof. Boule has maintained 

 that he is unable to find marked evidence for the 

 Gunz glaciation in Western France. This suggests 

 that the centre of glaciation was farther east, and that 

 similar conditions prevailed in this country. In 

 this case our three glaciations would equate with 

 the three later of the Continental glaciations. 



University and Educational Intelligence. 



Leeds. — One of the most important departments 

 of the University is that which deals with agriculture, 

 for, while the University is situated in a great industrial 

 city, it is also the centre of the largest agricultural 

 county in England. A new building for the depart- 

 ment is about to be commenced. This has been made 

 possible by the generous help received by the Univer- 

 sity from several sources. The late Mr. Walter 

 Morrison gave a sum of 10,000/., a donation which, 

 by his wish, remained anonymous during his lifetime ; 

 a Treasury grant through the Ministry of Agriculture 

 and Fisheries of 12,000/., promised in 1914, has been 

 increased to 15,000/. ; the Yorkshire Council for 

 Agricultural Education has contributed approxi- 

 mately 10,000/.; and there have been numerous other 

 . donations. The University is providing the site 

 and the balance of the money required. The build- 

 ing will be located in University Road, west of 

 the buildings of the Textile (Clothworkers) group, 

 and will occupy a plot 190 feet long by 125 feet 

 deep. 



London. — The following doctorates have been 

 awarded, the subject of the thesis presented appear- 

 \\\\i, .-iftcr \\w, name : 



/'//./;, [Siicucc) : — H. E. M. Barlow (University 

 C()llege) : "An Investigation of the Friction between 

 Sliding Surfaces, with special reference to the Effects 



produced by Electric Currents passing across such 

 Surfaces " ; Miss F. E. Bamett (Northern Polytechnic 

 Institute) : " Some Problems of the Endodermis — 

 The Distribution of the Endodermis in Angiosperms, 

 with some Observations on the Function of the 

 Endodermis " ; W. A. P. Challenor (Imperial College, 

 Royal College of Science) : " Conditions underlying 

 Carbon Ring Formation " ; B. W. Clack (Birkbeck 

 College) : "A Research on Diffusion in Liquids " ; 

 P. W. Cunhffe (King's College) : " (a) Studies in 

 Photo-Chemical Light Sources ; (6) Studies on the 

 Photolysis of Aqueous Solutions of Hypochlorous 

 Acid and of Chlorine " ; F. Dickens (Imperial College, 

 Royal College of Science) : " The Conditions of 

 Formation, of Four- and Five-membered Rings from 

 Substituted and Unsubstituted Open Carbon Chains " ; 

 Miss C. H. Griffiths (Birkbeck College) : " (i) Diffrac- 

 tion Patterns in the presence of Spherical Aberration ; 

 (2) Co-efficients of Diffusion of Potassium Chloride, 

 Sodium Chloride, and Potassium Nitrate determined 

 from the published experimental data of Mr. B. W. 

 Clack by a method due to Dr. Albert Griffiths " ; 

 A. A. S. El Kirdany (Imperial College, Royal College 

 of Science) : " The Calculation of the Motion of an 

 Inviscid Fluid round an Aerofoil when Cyclicity is 

 assumed to be present " ; Miss I. E. Knaggs (Imperial 

 College, Royal College of Science) : " The Relation 

 between the Crystal Structure and Constitution of 

 Carbon Compounds, with special reference to simple 

 Substitution Products of Methane " ; K. Ci Pandya 

 (Imperial College, Royal College of Science) : " The 

 Influence of Groups on Carbon Valency Direction " ; 

 H. A. Piggott (Imperial College, Royal College of 

 Science) : "A Study of the Conditions which deter- 

 mine the Mobility (or otherwise) of certain Potential 

 Tautomeric Systems of the Glutaconic Acid Type in 

 the Aromatic Series " ; H. H. Potter (King's College) : 

 " Some Experiments on the Proportionality of Mass 

 and Weight " ; L. Rebekoff (King's College) : " [a] 

 Studies in the Photolyses of Formic and Oxalic 

 Acids ; (&) Studies in some Photochemical Light 

 Sources"; D. O. Shiels (King's College): "The 

 Adsorption of Water Vapour and other Vapours by 

 Charcoal " ; B. Singh (Imperial College, Royal College 

 of Science) : " Formation and Stability of Cyclic 

 Compounds derived from B Substituted Glutaric 

 Acid " ; I. W. Wark (University College) : " Some 

 Copper Complexes with Hydroxy-Acids " ; A. F. A. 

 Young (King's College) : " The Thermionic and 

 Photo-Electric Properties of the Electro-positive 

 Metals " ; F. Arnall (Chelsea Polytechnic) : " Studies 

 in the Nitration of Phenol " ; G. R. Clemo (Queen's 

 College, Oxford) : " The Introduction of the B- 

 chloro-ethyl Group into Phenols, Thio-phenols, 

 Aromatic Amines, etc. " ; J. W. Cook (Sir John Cass 

 Technical Institute) : " Some Derivatives of Anthra- 

 cene " ; B. S. Evans : " An Investigation into the 

 Chemistry of the Reinsch Test for Arsenic and 

 Antimony, and its Extension to Bismuth " ; P. T. 

 Freeman : " On the Binaural Location of a Source 

 of Sound of Low Frequency, and its Application " ; 

 S. I. Levy : (i) " Studies on Cyclic Ketones, Parts 

 II. and III." ; (2) " An Attempt to resolve an 

 Oxonium Salt " ; (3) " The Action of Amino- Acid 

 Esters on Ethyl Dicarboxyglutaconate " ; (4) " (4'- 

 Methoxy-r-naphthyl)-2-chromon " ; A. H. Stuart : 

 " The Problem of securing Rigidity in an Aeroplane 

 Wing"; and C. L. Withycombe (Imperial College, 

 Royal College of Science) : " Neuroptera, their Bio- 

 logy and Anatomy." 



Applications are invited for the Drapers' Company's 

 research scholarship in dyeing at the Technical 

 College, Huddersfield. The scholarship includes re- 



NO. 2806, VOL. I I 2 j 



