934 



NATURE 



■iBER 29, ig2 



a I 



that the tooth-losing dream occurs in Europe and 



amonK Nagas. Malays, > Ashanti. 



and ttiat in each rase it i- • 'l«'ath of 



Im,, ol 1 . \tore- 



u.ll u iiiiial 



:iU)lll) rci ' 

 it ion. 



' '■ I IS ui 



lings 



i>I ;ili;il\ 111: 1 III ill' i . . i ii. ! . .1 PI --ocial 



unit \.0\\ In. li lie l.rldii;' > . .in. I it ni ■ 'PPly 



to othtT Ki'XiJ'^ \s\\\^ li in.i\ Ik- m'li' '• ? 



Thosf inttTfstdl -liuiild shortb. ppor- 



tiii.iiv- of li.-itii' ilic prolih'in < ill the 



; (ii \ icu . I'^i hi i nil -1 Jones 

 ; ,1 ]>.iiifr iijiuii ill!-- ^iiliji-i I before 

 ili,- K'liv.ii \ni ill! ijH ill i'_:u ,il l^^lltlltl• (Ui '1 iicsflaw 

 ic|iiii,n\ I'l. i i( kcl . (it aihiiissKiti v.ill \\illm'_;l\- In- 

 sent to iKui iri(ii)lH-i>. (it 1 lie I ii>tit !:■ ' c.i m t In- 



Subjcit, ulio'^hdul'i ai>i)l\- to the \ - n i il,i r\ , 



K',,\ .il - ,il iii^tit nil-, ,.i < .:•. .il K'lisscll 



Siii'i-t, . ( , < .. Si. I i(,M.\.\. 



Malaria and Anopheles funcstus in Mauritius. 



i:\i;iN in 1922 I N\a^ asked by the Secretary of 

 State lor the Colonics to undertake an Anopheline 

 and anti nialaii.i sur\e\- in the island of Mauritius. 

 I accepted this mission, and had tlie pleasure of 

 devoting ten months of intensive investigation to a 

 survev of luiusual intiTcst. 



Prior to m\ \ isit to .Mauritius, a somewhat similar 

 sur\c\ hail litcii made in 1908 by Sir Ronald Ross, 

 Major l-owlcr. and .Mr, d' l-jiinierez de Charmoy. The 

 valuable work lhe>- airomplished and the many 

 int(r<->imL; observations made by them are recorded 

 in iuiss ,^ report entitled " Prevention of Malaria 

 in Mauritius " (London, Waterlow and Sons, 1908). 



In the course of their work, Ross, F"owler, and 

 d'Emmerez de Charmoy made an extensive survey 

 of the mosquitoes of Mauritius, which resulted in the 

 collection of the following species : 



Old Nomenclature. 



1. MyzorJiyiu/nis maiiritianus, Daruty de Grand- 



pre & d'Emmerez de Charmoy. 



2. Myzomyia (Pyretophorus) costalis. Theobald. 



3. Nyssorhyrichus maculipalpis. Giles. 



4. Scutomyia tiotoscripta. Walker. 



5. Stet^oiiiviti fasciata. pabricius. 



6. C/' nis. Weidemann. 



7. Lii. pes. Daruty de Grandpre & d'Em- 



nuriv de Charmoy. 

 8.* Ctili'x ainiulir,) ins. ? 

 9. Culex arbor u lis. d'Emmerez de Charmoy. 



10. Culex fonaldi. d'l.mmerez de Charmoy. 



11. Cuhx fo'ivh'n. d'JCnimerez de Charmoy. 



^loDKRN Nomenclature. 



1. Anopheles niauritianus. Daruty de Grandpr^ 



& d'Emmerez dc Charmoy. Very common. 



2. Anopheles costalis. Theobald. Very common. 



3. Anopheles maculipalpis. Giles. Very rare. 



4. Aides alhopictus. Skuse. 



5. AM''" nrc'nteus. Poiret. 



6. Ci ms. Fabricius. 



7. Lv.:...i ..^.^iipes. Daruty de Grandpr^ & d'Em- 



merez de Charmoy. 



S} Culex annuliorius. ? 



9. Orthopodomyia arhoricolis. d'Emmerez de Char- 

 moy. 



10. Culex sitiens. Weidemann. 



11. Aides nigerensis. Theobald. 



' Note. — Ctilex antnUiorius should not be listed among the mosquitoes of 

 M.^uritius, as the record is probably due to an error in identification. 



It will be seen from thi«? li'^t that three ^pecien of 

 Anophelina; w 

 rcmark.s made 

 prevalent* 



Hv ex}» H was abl- 



■ '. lilt 01 Uie Uire< 



infected with 



i 



]' 



m..,. 

 re::ai' 



iiii apab 



>f malaria 



r,tv- of » 



numbers sutticjcm 

 pre.sence in Maurii 

 no ])ra( ti( al iinportantt 

 P.a-.ed on these di."^. ' 



jilan t hat shouhi be .adopU < , 



anti malaria <ampamn m .M. 



his recommendations were lu-t li.oruughiy uirr;' . 



out, and althou),'li mui h us< fnl uork was done 1' 



the canalisation 1 



swamps in man\ ; 



the cam|')ait4n was xm.iied i>y i: 



important .\nophelme breetling-] 



cases b\- allouin'4 the oomph 



works to re\frl to natural condr 



Consc(|iunt i\'. fourteen \ear- ■- ......... 



in .Mauritius wa-- <as bad as ■ 'act whi( ; 



together wi'h I'n- i<it..liv li;, . . late of ti- 



island. U i Bell, to deci': 



to ask th' . . 't an expert ; 



tropical hygiene lo \ i--u \hv isi<ind and indicate ti • 

 necessary mrasurrs for t!..- 'orr'i'-'in of the mair. 

 serious d( ! 



The Sec I called np< 



Dr. Andrew iialfour lo ui. .i.s missio 



Dr. Balfour left for Manritii; lary 192; 



utterly insanit of tiic id the nc: . 



large number o probUi; iich Balfour 



had to contend, .irc ! ! ii in-- comprel 



report, entitled " Kepi : Medical and S 



Matters in .Mauntiu-., 1 .-• : published t 

 Colonial C)lhce. 



With re,!,'.ird to malaria ■■' ''^'- '-■'-nd, b,..w.-.. 

 speedilv saw th.tt. for re. .igainst tli- 



Anophelime. it w.is esscnti... , ore of ?'■ ■ 



bionomics of .1 iifplu // s (■■>.'(/. 

 thought to be il:f iiii'ix -pccit- ^ 

 intensely ma.' ion oi Mai 



view was th,< jhly iniportai. 



whether the species oiil m did not hibernale duni:., 

 the wmter months, .tt least at the hi'^dier .nltiti;'!' - 

 of the island, so thai future work • 

 account this most important fact. 



On his return to Englai onuneiKL ! 



that investigations to det- amomics of 



.i ■■< siiould be undert.ikcii. 1 tiiercf' 



1 for Mauritius earl\- m lo^.: to ca- 



ti;:-- \M >riv. 



1-or the hrst four moir 

 Mauritius \then the winter ii.winn- . mx -wm .w... . 

 gave undivided attention to the work of determining 

 whether Anopi:,ii-<- d'sUi/i^ .vi.ii.iied hibernation : 

 and we were successful in that hibernation 



did not occur eitlier at the ... . ■I.iral--a matti r 

 that is fully dealt with m m\- rcpcv 

 shortly bytlie Colonial Ohice. 



During the w (irk on .1. costalis. nun 

 I discovered tl-.it. ir, spite of whnt '• 

 1908, Anopht o be four.i 



in ven,- large ind and up 



to a^n altitude of i .:oo ft. 



Later, with more time to devote to further studies 



NO. 2826, VOL. 112] 



