December 29, 1923] 



NA TURE 



949 





building, three and four stories high and some 

 hundreds of feet long, constructed of red brick, was 

 not damaged by either earthquake or fire. Re- 

 inforced concrete buildings in Tokyo did not come off 

 so well as the better-class brick buildings. Much of 

 the brick facing has come away and there are cracks 

 in the concrete. They are, however, probably the 

 safest buildings for the inhabitants, and office build- 

 ings of this class have continued in use without 

 interruption. The behaviour of steel frame buildings 

 was peculiar ; from a few feet above the ground 

 the brickwork is cracked, and this continues for two 

 or three stories. Above the third and up to the top 

 (in some cases eight stories) no damage whatever 

 is to be seen. The writer was nowhere able to find 

 the slightest sign of failure of the foundations of any 

 building, whether wrecked or standing. 



The report for 1922 of the director of the Bernice 

 auahi Bishop Museum at Honolulu has recently been 

 sued. It gives a summary of the various activities 

 of the Museum officials in researches relating to the 

 natural history of the Pacific Islands and the culture 

 and folk-lore of the Hawaiians and other Polynesian 

 people. A number of expeditions for systematic 

 survey in anthropology, botany, and zoology have 

 been undertaken in connexion with the Museum. 

 The most important were the Whitney South Sea 

 expedition, an expedition to Fanning Island, the 

 exploration of Guam in the Ladrone Islands, and the 

 Bayard Dominick expedition for the investigation 

 of the origin, migration, and culture of the Oceanic 

 people. Some interesting general conclusions have 

 been reached by the members of the Dominick 

 expedition with regard to the Polynesian population. 

 There seem to be two basic elements. The first is 

 Caucasian with physical characteristics approaching 

 some Mongols, with tall stature, moderately long heads, 

 relatively high narrow faces and noses, light brown 

 skin, and straight or wavy black hair. The second 

 element is the Indonesian typical of Celebes, with 

 shorter stature, low broad faces, wavier hair and 

 darker brown skin. A third element is found only 

 in small numbers with very short heads, narrow 

 faces, and light skin. The second type is characterised 

 by a higher social and religious development than the 

 first. The first type is universally distributed in the 

 Pacific, but strongest in New Zealand and the Mar- 

 quesas. The second type is prevalent in North and 

 entral Polynesia. In the report Mr. J. F. Illing- 

 uorth iKites that the Hawaiian house th- is not the 

 saiiii ,1 that of Europe and the I luiid States, but 

 is a variet\- found on the western shores of the 

 Pacific. As It IS ]<no\vn tliat these flies follow uian, 

 uere hoi ,!i li.iwaii u hen Captain 



' ' <1, the 111. . ... , i.i drawn that the original 



imiiiiL I , ill , and the flics came to Hawaii from the west. 



of the 

 Iv Coni- 



P' leiiowshlp 111 lllel.iliiil'',\ . trn.ihle in 



til' : ■ e for 1 wo \ . ,ii , \', I! li ,i . i, , , il il,- ,.xleii- 



Sion to li\ e \ ( ars. I h' ,., t he 



Slirre^..!,;! , .m.lnj.ite Hil. . : ;•, i l , ' ■ 



nil ,:!i.,\ ^, pi.'|.-i,ii,r. ■ : in il,,. ,,■ 



crafts of the Company of Armourers and Brasiers. 

 The annual value of the fellowship is 500/. Applica- 

 tions must reach the secretaries of the Royal Society, 

 Burlington House, W.i, by March i next. 



We have received the annual report of Livingstone 

 College, Leyton, for 1922-23, being the thirty-first 

 year of its existence. The College gives courses of 

 instruction with the object of teaching missionaries 

 how to care for their own health, and how to deal 

 with the diseases of the people among whom they are 

 working, when far from qualified medical aid. 

 Altogether 752 students have passed through the 

 College. Donations and subscriptions are requested 

 to help carry on this useful work. 



The ninety-second annual meeting of the British 

 Medical Association will be held on July 18-26, 1924, at 

 Bradford, under the presidency of Mr. J. Basil Hall, 

 consulting surgeon to the Royal Infirmary, Bradford. 

 The presidential address will be delivered on July 22. 

 The following presidents of sections have been 

 appointed : — Medicine : Prof. A. J. Hall ; Surgery : 

 Sir Cuthbert Wallace ; Obstetrics and Gynaecology : 

 Mr. J. S. Fairbairn ; Pathology and Bacteriology: 

 Prof. C. H. Browning ; Neurology and Psychological 

 Medicine : Dr. T. G. Stewart ; Ophthalmology : Dr. 

 A. M. Ramsay ; Public Medicine and Industrial 

 Diseases : Mr. H. Jones ; Diseases of Children : Dr. 

 L. Findlay ; Laryngology and Otology : Dr. W. J. 

 Home ; Orthopaedics : Mr. R. C. Elmslie ; Medical 

 Sociology : Mr. A. Manknell ; Dermatology : Dr. 

 J. MacL. H. MacLeod, The honorary local general 

 secretary is Dr. W. N. West Watson (Victor Lodge, 

 Manningham, Bradford). 



The Seismological Society of America has published 

 a large Fault Map of the State of California (three 

 sheets and a title-sheet) on the scale of i : 506,880, 

 or close on one inch to eight miles. The topography 

 is based on various official surveys, the hills being 

 well brought out by a system of colour-shading. 

 The sea-depths are shown by contours drawn at 

 intervals of 100 fathoms. The known and probable 

 faults, which mean so much in the moulding and 

 instability of the continental edge, are marked by 

 lines of various colours ; these are broken where 

 details are uncertain or inferred. A fault indicated 

 as " active " is usually one along which an earth- 

 quake has occurred during historic time. The mind 

 of the world has been once more riveted on the im- 

 certainties of the Pacific ring, and this map, which 

 must be mounted as one wall-sheet for its proper 

 appreciation, will no doubt find a permanent place 

 in colleges that respect geography. Prof. Bailey 

 Willis has fumished a lucid description to accompany 

 the sheets (liull. Seism. Soc. America, vol. 13, No. i, 

 1923). 



A i<i;i'OKT 1)\- the Meteoro!(v.;ie:il nepartment of 

 the C.overnnieut of liulia lor \y\ii :. s ''''^ i"^t been 

 issued under the sni'ennt eiidence of Mr. J. II. lield, 

 the othciatiuL; Director ( ".eneral of 01)--er\ a lories. 

 The policy of liidiaiu-aliMii l,,,, l.em alopt, ,1, aiid the 

 ;- -■.iinicl for the lliiiiieii posts ot lueU'orologists has 

 eil from 10 I'.iiropt tns and 3 Indians in 1919 to 



\i 



'. 2.S26. VOL. i J 2 J 



