Oiicida I.aki- Fishes 3h7 



li;il.il> and (li>tnl)iitn.ii i»l tlu-M- ^aint- siiecies in (Icfp water. That Mime of them 

 dwell there, at least duriii!,' the times that wc fished, was very evident from their 

 absence or scarcity in our many shallow-water collections. We learned that many 

 small fishes live in the deei)- water zone, for schools (»f them, or disturbances in the 

 water caused by them, were fre(|uently seen at the surface iiere in <iuiet weather, 

 but we were not able to make collections here, nor couUI we sec them clearly 

 enou;,'h for identification. There appears to be little information concerning young 

 fishes in the deep waters of our lakes, and it is important that such collections 

 should be made. In the clear waters of Walnut Lake, Michigan, hundre<ls of small 

 fish could at times be seen in ten or more feet of water, which api>eared to l>e of 

 the same kinds tliat ordinarily were found along the shores. Young I'erch were 

 seen several hundred feet from shore, swimming at the surface in over forty feet 

 of water (Hankinson, '08, p. jo6, 215) ; and a Xotropis voUtccUns (then called 

 Kotropis bliiniiiis) was caught m 20 to 30 feet of water in this lake. Hubbs (21, 

 p. 263) found young of Hrook Silversides living entirely over the deep water zone 

 of I'ortage Lake in Michigan. 



With the facts obtainable concerning the distrilmtion and movements of young 

 fishes in Oneida I-ake, we find : 



( i) Yoimg fish living on or ne.ir the shallow-water breeding grounils of their 

 parents. 



(2) Young that move from the shallow-water breeding areas to deep water 

 soon after they are hatched. 



(3) Young that move to shallow areas from the deeper water wlun- ihc 

 adults breed. 



f ^) Young fishes hatching in deep water and remaining there. 



I ;) Young on lake shallows, which are of s])ecies breeding in sircnu^. 

 ■ 1 Young remaining in streams where they were hatched— true stream fish. 



.\o. 1 includes many individimls of the following: Hlunt-nosed Minnow, 

 (if>lden Shiner, Carp, Yellow Hullhead. Common Hullhead, .Stonecat, Mud Minnow. 

 Marred Killifish, Chain Pickerel, Rock Hass, Calico Rass. Common Sunfish, Iwth 

 black basses, Zebra, Tessellated ami I-'an-tailed Darters, and the Common .Sculpin. 

 There appears to be little nn'gration by these fishes, aside from congregations at 

 certain feeding grounds such as patches of a<|uatic vegetation, or retirement to 

 deep water with the appearance of adverse conditions in shallow areas. 



No. 2 very probably includes Brook .'>ilversides, and |iossibly some young 

 Tullibr.'s. 



The I'erch furnishes an exam]>Ie of No. 3. as diK-s verv proliablv the Hurl>nt 

 also. 



No. 4 probably includes young of Tullil>ces. 



No. 5 includes many individuals of each of the following : Fallfish, Long-nosed 

 Dace, Cut-lips. Common .'^ticker. Trout Perch, Pike Perch. 



No. 6 includes the following: I-ike I.an»prey, Ctimmon Shiner, and Hlack- 

 nosed Pare 



Enemies. The re|>rn<luctivc activities of fishes arc frefjuently intcrfcrcH with 



by enemies. Ilu- eggs of v. ....■-•>■' I ......r,., c c,,.. ^tickers. miuM"- .1....... 



