Uiicida Lake I-islus 2>^5 



huddled in gravelly pockets- among water \vee(l> that two at a time were often 

 impaled on a spear. 



Food. ForlKrs ( "SS. p. 463) studied the f<nMl of twenty-one siH-cimens from 

 Illinois and found it to i)e wholly animal in nature, about 33 per cent consisting 

 of fish, 5 ])er cent of mullusks. 40 jx-r cent of crustaceans, and 2 jjcr cent chiefly 

 of insects. Reighard ('03. ]>. 65) descrilx-s the Howtin as a "|)owerful and 

 voracious fish feeding chiefly on crayfish and small fishes." lie also (I.e., j). 64) 

 notes a case of their eating meat-scrajis and raw potato. Hankinson has caught 

 them, in Michigan ami Illinois, with hooks baited with miiniows. earthwonns. and 

 once with lH>ile<l ham Reed an<l Wright ( "cx), ]). 3931 report the Mowfin swallow- 

 ing young marsh-hirds. Marshall and CJilltert ( 05 ) found crawfish and minnows 

 in the stomach of seven e.\ami)les. Hankinson ('06. ]). I7<») found a Hlunt-nosed 

 Minnow and a I^rge-mouth Hlack Hass in the alimentary canal of a Howfin. 

 I-!vermann and Clark ('jo. pj). 2^)^, 317) found chiefly crawfish and minnows, 

 with the remains of other small fishes, mollusks. and algae, in Howfins from I^ke 

 Ma.xinkuckee. Coker ('17. p. 3) notes that with its strong sharp teeth it has l)ecn 

 known to bite a two ]K>und fish in two at a single .snap, and .says that its food is 

 princij)aUy fish, crawfish and mollusks. 



Distribiitioit Records. Only one Howfin (Xo. 100) was taken by us in 

 Oneida Lake. It was alxmt I7;h inches (435 mm) in length. .\ specimen (No. 

 397) from Cross ImUc taken by C. \V. \'an Horn, Septeml>er ti. 1916, is i8vj 

 inches ( 47O mm) long. This was taken with a snell-hiM)k and a dead minnow, 

 in a rapid current, .\nother .specimen ( Xo. 1513) was taken at Mud L<xk, Long 

 Hranch, < )nondaga I -ike, .\\ni\ ft, 1917. by Frank .'secley. and is iS->v inches 

 (474 mm) long. Mr. J. D. Hlack, of Const.intia, reixirts them once taken in 

 Three Mile Hay. 



liiifiitiis mid Disiiisr. The Howfin we found in Oneida I-nke had a lamprey 

 scar near one jiectoral fin. The yoimg when unaccompanie<l by the male ( Reighard. 

 '03. |). 60) are attacked by predacious fish and undoubtedly other enemies. Stiles 

 and Hassall ('i2. p. 355) record Tm-nia filicollis Rudolph from this sjxxies: Leidy 

 ('(14, p. 1S8) records Taenia fdieoUii Leidy from Amiatus. I-aRue ('-'6, p. 2851 

 found larval trematmles in the eyes of Amia from Douglas I.ake, Michigan. 



.'^ix fishes examine<l by I*"vemiann an<l Clark ("jo, \'oI. i, pp. J>>3-31'>) con- 

 tained internal parasitic trematiwles in the mouth and the throat, and cesKxIes and 

 acanth(K-ephalans in stom.ich and intestine. .\ treniattxlc, .Izyciia lerelienllc 

 (Rudoljih) was in the gills of four of the sjx-cimens. ( )ne fish ha<l an Arijulus 

 ainericauus Wilson on the outside of its IxmIv. Two dilTerent six-cies of leeches 

 were on throe specimens of Howfin. The authors mention the prevalence of tape- 

 worms in this fish taken elsewhere than in I -ike MaxinkuckiT. 



Marshall and riiH>crt ('05, p. 5i^») found parasitic worms in «»ch of the 

 thirteen fishes they examini-fl. These were tremat«xles. .Izyi/ia terelieolle Stafford, 

 from mouth aiul stomach, cestinles from siomacli and intestines, and a leecli in the 

 mouth. Ward (']2, p. 22^*) shows that 2~ out of 3J Howfins examinol were para- 

 sitized with trematfxlcs, cestinles, nematixles and aranth<xrephalans, averaging 157 

 worms to a fisli. War<l (■94a") dcscrilics a tremato<lc, Pistoiiia of>aeinii Ward. 

 I>ar.T.itic on the Hoi^fish. 



