296 Roosevelt Wild Life Annals 



LaRue ("14, ]>. 144) records Frotcoccptiohis aniblof^litis Leidy, a cestodc. 

 from this species taken in Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair, Michigan, and Protco- 

 ccphalus pcrplcxiis LaRue from specimens taken in the Illinois River by H. B. 

 Ward and in North Carolina by Joseph Leidy. Wilson ('19, p. 230) found 

 Argidus auicricanus Wilson on the outer surface of the Bowfin. This parasite 

 was also found in Lake Maxinkuckee (Evermann and Clark, '20, Vol. 2, p. 79). 



Ward and Whipple ('18) note two nematode parasites from Amia, which are 

 Haploncma iniinutatuin Ward and Magath, and Echinorliynchus thccatus Linton. 

 Two other trematodes parasitic in Antia are Lcuccntthrus inhroptcri Marshall and 

 Gilbert, and Microphallus opaciis (Ward). 



Economics. Since the food of the Bowfin is similar to that of Black Bass 

 and Pike Perch in Oneida Lake, it would compete with them for food in an 

 important way if it became abundant. Its increase in Oneida Lake does not 

 appear desirable, with so many other better fishes there, some of which it might 

 replace. It is used in the South as food and there is a good market for Bowfins 

 in New York City, to which large shipments have been made from the Illinois 

 River (Forbes and Richardson, '09, p. 40). Miles ('13) describes a method of 

 Ijreparing it which makes it very palatable. It is skinned from the tail toward the 

 head, cleaned, the backbone removed, and then divided into halves that are cut 

 into pieces and fried like doughnuts. When smoked, too, the fish becomes quite 

 palatable, and there are still other ways of preparing it. Hankinson has found 

 the preparation of this fish for the table attended with too much difficulty on 

 account of its tough skin and heavy scales. The Bureau of Fisheries (Coker, 

 '17) has advocated its more general use as food and recommends a regular fishery 

 for Bowfins, which "will tend to restore and to maintain a proper balance between 

 this and other species that dwelt together and in competition before man began to 

 disturb natural conditions." Garman ('91, p. 147) tells of young a few inches 

 long being caught by the hundreds for trot line bait : for this they are very desir- 

 able on account of their hardiness. 



Angling. Almost any bait will attract Bowfins. Those caught are frequently 

 large and powerful and furnish considerable sport with the tackle. Frequently they 

 break hooks and cut lines with their sharp teeth, and when aliundaiit they nia\- be a 

 nuisance for this reason. Young Bowfins make gciod bait for jiickerel and pike 

 (Goode, '84, p. 659). 



References. Baker, '16; Bean, '03; Coker, '17: Dean. "98. '99; Evermann 

 and Clark, '20; Forbes, '88; Forbes and Richardson, '00: Gill, 'oy: Gilbert, '05; 

 Goode, '84; Kelly, '24: LaRue, '26; Leidy, '04; Marshall and Gilbert, '05; Miles, 

 '13; Reed and \Vright, '09: Reighard, '03; Richanlsiui, '1,:; : Stiles and Hassall, '12. 



Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Wilson). .\r.Kwii-i:, S.\wkii.i.v, Br.xnch 

 Hi:rring, Skip J.mk, Goi.nr.x Shad. W^e have obtained only a single specimen 

 (No. 9) from Oneida Lake. This was taken December g, 1014, from South Bav. 

 by I. A. and A. W. Thicrre. It is also the nnlv one tbev bad taken from the lake. 



The specimen was jirnbably only ;i straggler from Lake ()nlarici, cuming np 

 the Oswego and Oneida Rivers. This species normally lives in salt water but 

 ascends streams to spawn as does its relative the Common Shad. Evermann ('01, 

 p. 343) gives a good brief account of it as follows: "In Cayuga Lake, Lake 



