(Jihith Ltiki- I'lsliis 337 



jjrocurctl easily In M-iiiinj,' aj^'ainst tiu- curri-nt while at ihc same time ixikiiij; anioni; 

 the stones and gravel. The value of this fish in reducing the numlK-rs of black 

 rties {Siiitiilitiiii) ])articularly along trout streams, is worthy of a special investiga- 

 tion. There is also the |)ossihility that this dace may transmit sporo/oan diseases 

 to trout, another subject worthy of si>ecial study. Just as certain other fish are 

 of value in mosquito control .so these may lie of value in the control of the 

 black fly. 



Rcfcrcnics. .\bbott. '(^o; Hean, '03; Bcnsley, '15; Clemens, '24; lillis, '14; 

 Fowler. 'o>\. 'i_'; (ireelcy. 'j/: Hankinson, '16; Mc.\tee and Weed. '13: Strick- 

 land. 'i.v 



Leucosomus corporalis .Mitchill. I'.m.i.kisii. Sii.vkk Ciiin. Chul). This is 

 the largest species of minnow native to Oneida I^ke. The species apjK-ars to l)e 

 one of rapid streams, although it also thrives in the lake. 



Brcaliiu/ Habits mid Life History. The Falllish (Plate _' ) breeds in the 

 quiet waters of streams and in the shallow margins of ponds anil lakes. The male, 

 acconling to .\tkiiis (Kendall and ( joldslxtrough, "08. p. j/), excavates a nest by 

 carrying stones in his mouth and dropping them to form a low ridge of gravel a 

 foot wide and three feet long. He guards the nest and drives away other fish that 

 may be intruders. .\ female which came swiftly along and stopped right over the 

 gravel pile was seen ".Struggling in an erect position: the male was close to her, 

 but nothing UKjre could be made out. Then the female disapiK-arcd." Only this 

 one male remained over the nest. A numlwr of females, as they were supposed 

 to be, came to the nest several times. "In general there was a sudden gathering 

 of a tnimlier of fish from the imme<liate neighlmrhiXHl. comprising all the chubs 

 within 5 <»r 6 feet or more, and a simultaneous rush for the nest, where only a 

 confused mass t)f struggling fish could be distinguished; some of them turned t>ver 

 so that the gleam of the white of their bellies were seen. The old niale was always 

 there." These observations were made in Maine on May 8 an<l 9. 1S78, and arc 

 seemingly the tnost definite that have been published. 



Tlie mature fish re;iches a length of iS inches, but varies much in si/e. for in 

 "small bpMiks it reaches maturity when only a few inches long" (Kendall and 

 (ioldslMirough. 'c)S. p. .'6). Fowler ( '12. pp. 47J-473) states that. "The fully adult 

 male is with brilli,int rosy sides and mostly rosy fins. Though reaching a length 

 of nearly two feet, examjiles three inches long have U-en taken with fully devel<»|K-«I 

 eggs. The only tulx-rculaled examples were all <iver a ftwit in length and had their 

 mii/./les densely covere<l with small tuUTcles. \o nests were ever foinul made by 

 the sm.ill fish of three or four inches in length. The nests discoverwl were 

 attende<l only by large fish." 



Charles (I. Atkins ( "jtf. p. iS<»). writing of the culture of the Fallfish. says: 

 "Cluibs spawn in the month of May in this l.ititude (Maine) and I presume it 

 would lie very early in .\pril in Maryland. They build great heaps of gravel in 

 streams, apjiearing to avoid the n>ost rapid water. They s|Kiwn over the heaps, 

 many individuals using the same nest and gathering in crowds for the act. The 

 males build the nests, bringing the |K-bbles together in their mouths. I took a few 

 eggs on May 7th ami fi'und them to lie non-adhesive. .\ fentale of nuMJeratr size 



