OiH-ida I.aki- l-islus 341 



iiiscTis, iiicliKliii},' CliiruiKjimis larvae, and ('if>. \>. 23) a variety of small animals, 

 l-ionanl ( jj, \>. 3«>) ixamiiitd the fi««l in the dificstivc tract <if 53 individuals. 

 .\ j,'rcat variety of insect material was found tojjether with remains of some craw- 

 fish and other invertebrate parts, (jreeley ('.27, ]). 58) foun<l the food of seven of 

 these chubs taken from the Cjenesee River system of New York to be as follows: 

 a(|uatic in.sccts, 3l.4/< ; terrestrial in.sects, 28.4%; crawfish (in one fish <jnly), 

 14.3'/^ ; snails, J-i'/i ; grass seeds (in one fish) 2.S',' : vegetable debris (in two 

 fish). 15.7';;. 



Chubs feed extensively upon terrestrial insects that fall uixm the water sur- 

 face, according to Hankinson's unpublished field observations and his fcxxi-studies 

 in Illinois ( Hankinson, '10, p. 30). Kllis ('14, p. 58) says: "The adult is a 

 voracious fish feeding uikmi surface insects, aquatic insects, small fishes and even 

 ibe spawn of other fishes." Weed and Mc.Xtee ( '15, p. 10) found only damsel-tly 

 iiym])hs in the stomach anil intestines. .Xbbott ( "yo, ]>. 40^) states that this dace 

 feeds u|X)n insects and minute mollusks. 



Distribution Records. We obtained only 24 specimens of this species in our 

 field work on Oneida Lake. (Jf these, Xo. 120 is from Hig Hay -Shoal, near Helk- 

 najis I.anding. September 6, 1915; and No. 453 is from the west side of Ik-rnhard 

 Hay. June 26. 1916, taken among water ])lants. These consist of single si^'cimcns 

 only, al>out I f 4 inches long. The remaining specimens are from small tributary 

 streams near the lake shore, as follows: No. 142, from Frederick Creek, between 

 the railway track and the Oneida Hatchery. September 8, IQ15: No. 458, from a 

 small stream entering on the west side of Kast Potter Hay, June 2j. I<>i6, consist- 

 ing of 2 s])ecimens about 2j.i inches long: No. 553, from a small swift r<Kky stream 

 flowing into the lake at West \'ienna, July 14, 1916; Xo. 593, from the small 

 rapid stream at North Hay, July 21, 191^); 3 .specimens about iVj inches long; 

 :ind No. 5<)4, from a rf)cky ]h»oI in a small stream i yS miles east of West \'ienna, 

 July 21. I9i^> These records are clearly indicative of the rare iKCurrence of this 

 tyi)ically small stream species in the I^ke. 



r.miiiiis and Disease We have found only a few references to the pre- 

 dacious enemies of this s|K-cies. Fork's (■88a, p. 511) rei-ords it from the stomach 

 of the F^ike Perch (.V. vitreum). Hankinson {'\('\, p. 2},) found the wonn Echi- 

 norliymUus in tlie digestive canal. .Six C)neida I-nke si>ecinu'ns from our collec- 

 tion were badly infesterl with parasites in the skin (No. 438, two siH-cimens ; No. 

 593, three s|)ecimens ; No. 3i;4. one s|K'cimen>. Two specimens (No. 302) from 

 < >nondaga Creek were similarly infested witli what are prokibly |>arasitic worms. 

 I'.llis ("14. PI \'. fig. 2«»l figures this fish with numerous trenjatcnlcs in the skin. 

 Hankinson ( i'". p. 22) found the s|Mirozoan Myxoholus infesting Michigan 

 specimens. 



Aniilimi Soles, 'i'he destruction of Hnwik Trout by the Chub is counter- 

 b,ilanccd in jwrt by its value as kiit. l*'vermann ('01. p. 318) says: "There is no 

 fish of which the Hl.nck Hass is more fond than this same Chub, and for Iwss fishing 

 there is no Iwtler knit. It is full of tenacity of life and seldom dies either in the 

 liiukef or on the hook. It is .ictive and moves akiut when on the hi>ok in the most 

 altr.nctive maimer. I-'or kiss fislting tiwi large a Cluib nuist not lie chosen. . . , 

 but it is not often worth while to use Chubs more than (\ inches in length: 



