Oneida l.akc I-islns 351 



were terrestrial: three s])ecimeiis liatl eaten small t'lshes aiul a mixture of vef^etable 

 matter. Kveniianii (01. p. 3241 s;ns it feeds ii|M>n insect larvae and small 

 crustaceans which it finds amon^' the stones or adheriiif,' to the jMitamotjetons and 

 other water ])lants that j,'row in such places. Evermaiin and Clark ( jo. p]>. Jy5. 

 355) record insect larvae, water mites and j)lankton fnmi two s|K'cimens. Cole 

 ('05. i>. U)0) found this minnow eatinj; the s|)awn of Carp. C.reelcy ('27. p. 59 I 

 rejKirts that the foml found in a s])ecimen from Canasera),'a Creek, in New York 

 State, consisted only of an Ilrislalis larva and an adult insect. 



Dislrihutioti Records. Thirty s]iecimens were taken in Oneida I^ke and two 

 in Doutjias Creek. These were distrihuted throuj,'h twelve collections, as follows: 

 Xo. 90, Maple liay, Sept. 2, 1915: No. 400. Froher Hay. June 20, i^i'k Xo. 401. 

 ]{illin};ton Hay, June 22. 1916: Xo. 413. Douglas Creek. June 22. i^Hc Xo. 148, 

 I^nkepjrt Hay, June 22. 191O: Xo. 463, Kast Totter Hay, Jime 28, KjiO; Xos. 500, 

 501, 50_'. Lewis Point. July 5, 1916: and Xos. 517, 51S. Sylvan lieach. July 6, 1916. 



Enemies and Disease. Hean ( 92, p. 40 ) says it is useful as forwl for larger 

 fishes. Fowler (13) found it eaten by the Dabchick. the Ltxm, the .\merican 

 Merfjanser, the Green Heron, and the Kingfisher: and Kvermann and Clark ('20, 

 p. 297) mention it as eaten by Rock Hass. 



Economic Relations. The scarcity of Silverfins makes this minnow of little 

 ecf>nomic interest in < >neida I^ke. It does well in an a(|uarium (Hean, 03, p. 

 144) and serves well as bait. ICvermaim ('01, ]>. 324) declares "It is vcr)- active 

 when on the hook, which, with its bri>,'ht silvery coloration, should make it attrac- 

 tive to Hlack Hass. It lives well in a live-lxKX, miiuiow bucket, and on the luK»k." 



References. Haker, "lO; Hean, ■<>2. '03: Cole, "03: Fvermann, '01 : l-'veniiaiui 

 and Clark. '20: Forl)es and Richardson, 'o): I-'owier. "13; Ciree!e\ '" \* - 'r 

 aiiil Allen. '13. 



Notropis atherinoides Rafines(|ue. 1".mi:kai.1) Mi.nnow. I.vki mmmk. 

 Ro.s\ .Minnow. I.aki Sii.\ KKsn)F>, Hi c Ki:vi: .Shinkk. This is iK'rhai)s the most 

 lH.-autifu! of tlu- minnows in ( )neida I^ke, where it is abundant. It is not rei>rc- 

 senteil in many of our coili-ctions, |)rol)ably liecause they were ma<le mostly in 

 shallow water in summer, when the siK-cies evidently frwiuenls the dee|>er waters 

 of the lake. It is commonly known as the Huckeye .Shiner, by ( >neida I-ike 

 fishermen. It is usually met with in larj;e schiM>ls with few or no other kinds 

 of fish amonK them, and in dear, plant-free waters near the shore of the lake. 

 This s|>ecies and the SiHit-taiIe<l Miiuiow are the characteristic shiners of the sandy 

 slutals of the Great I.akes. ami they jKJssibly came into ( )neida I-ikc from I.akc 

 Ontario (Hean. '07. p. i<)3). It is easily disiinKiiishe<! from other Oneiila I-nkc 

 minnows by its elon^^'aled compressed IkxIv with a broad sulnlued Kiml on each 

 side, more distinct U-hind and ending near the head, and by a snout scarcely 

 longer than its relatively large eye. The <lorsal fin is placetl noticeably Iwck of 

 the ]K\\k fins, a feature that flistingiiishes the I""merald and Rosy-facol Minnows 

 from other < >neida Lake mimiovvs of similar si/e and form 



Hreedinii and Life History, l-'emales alxnit to s|>awii were found by l-'orltcs 

 and Richardson ( 'i»i), p. 153) from the im.l.lli 1 M.iv to Jutic 1. Tlury found 

 no tuU-rculatc males. Spring males ii rose colore*! (Jordan and 



