36o Rooscz'cit Wild Life Aiimils 



made up 35/0 ; chaetopod worms, 30</c : diatoms, 8% ; unidentifiable material, the 

 remainder. The fish were from Oxon Run, a tributary of the Potomac. Greeley 

 ('27, p. 61) found three midge larvae and the claw of a small crawfish in a three 

 inch Cut-lips. 



Distribution Records. Nos. 75. 76 and 14J were from Scriba and Frederick 

 Creeks and contained in all 29 specimens. One, No. 88, was from Chittenango 

 Creek; and five, No. 90, from Maple Bay, not far from the mouth of this stream.^ 

 All of the above were taken from August 31 to September 8, 191 5. In the siunn^^r- 

 of 1916, we got but five examples of this species, which were in three lake collec-, 

 tions: No. 400, Froher Bay; No. 422, Mathews I'rjint : Xo. 427, Dakin Bay, 



Economic Relations. Bean ('92, p. 37; 03, p. 164) says that it grows to a 

 length of six inches and takes the hook readily — therefore highly prized by boys — 

 and that it is a good pan-fish. Evermann ('01, p. 336) states that it is of some 

 value as a bait minnow. He has seen it thus used at various places on the St. Law- 

 rence, and says it lives well and is an active fish, but rather dull in color. 



References. Bean, '92, "03; Breder and Crawford, '22; Evermann, '01 ; Fow- 

 ler, '09; Gill, '07; Greeley, '22; Jordan and Evermann, '96; Meek, '89; Reed and 

 Wright, '09; Wright and Allen, '13; McAtee and Weed, '15; Jordan, '82. 



Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill). Golden Shiner, Roach, Bream. 

 This is the common large flat shiner so frequently taken on the hook while fishing 

 for perch or sunfish. Small iiidixiduals are caught together with bait minnows in 

 small seines used in shallciw waters. The species is easily distinguished by its 

 flat, nearly elliptical body, sniall mouth, fine scales which are easily removed, long 

 anal fin and sharp ventral edge of the body in front of this fin. Althdnj^h it is 

 edible, it is commonly considered of little value. 



Breeding Habits and Life History. The eggs are adhesive and are laid on, 

 plants in quiet waters, from Ala}- to July I, according to Wright and Allen ('13, 

 p. 4). Breeding males have the lower fins scarlet (Bean, '03, p. 134), and are 

 smaller than the females : the back is more swollen at the nai)e, and the sides of the, 

 body are rough with minute tubercles (Forbes and Richardson, '09, p. 128). 

 Embody ('15, p. 227) gives notes on the growth of this species as follows: 5 

 months, average length ij4 inches; i year. _> inches: 2 years, 2J/2 to 3 inches. 

 .'\llen ('14, p. 57) mentions a migration and says it begins to run in April at 

 Ithaca, N. Y., but does not begin to spawn until the latter part of May. Hubbs 

 ('21a, p. 147), in discussing the variation of this species, gives a few notes on its 

 life histor\'. He savs that it may reach a length of a foot atid a \\eight of ly^ 

 pounds, but in small ])on(ls it is more or less dwarfed, breeding at an age of one or 

 two years. 



Habilal. Golden Shiners ,-ut nsu;illv cimfnud in .-ircas having thick growths 

 of aquatic plants, and were .-ilniiidant in such ]il;iccs in ( )iiri<la Lake. ( )ften lar.ge 



when the tnininiel net was set a1»nit such iilaces. and about rush and cat-tail 

 liatches, large hauls were usually taken ( Xos. 76, 102, 470, 485, 489, 504, 505, 

 528, 542, 561, 600). Many of the large fish, however, usually 8-9 inches long, 

 were out in the lake, where plants were not especially numerous, in water 5 to 12 

 or more feet deep. C.ill nets in such places usually brought a few of these fish, and 



