Oiuiila Lake l-islns 363 



on one occasion, July 20, iyi6, seventy (Xo. 583) were caught in a gill net set at 

 the west end of Dunham's Island, in a channel without evident vegetation, and 

 where the water averaged alxjut ten feet in dejnh. Golden Shiners were very 

 luinierous here and no other fish were found with tiieni. We foun<l many small 

 fish of this species in the streams at Constantia (No. 75^, in Chittenangu Creek 

 and in one of its tributaries (No. ^J). 



In other localities the fish apjiears to be closely cunfined to the sluggish waters 

 of streams, bayous. jMjnds, and lakes, and is sometimes abundant "in the muddiest 

 and most uninviting holes" ( F"orbes antl Richardson, 'oy, p. Ij6). .\blxjtt says of 

 its habitat (Nelson, "yo, ]>. 681 ) : "The roach is everywhere met with in New 

 Jersey, i)referring still waters, with an excessive growth of vegetation upon the 

 bottom of the stream. In these masses of vegetation it conceals itself from attacks 

 of the pike, which latter feed almost exclusively u]K)n them." Cope ( Vk;, p. 3yo), 

 in writing of the fish in Pennsylvania waters, says that in rai)id rivulets it is rarely 

 seen of large size, and that it seeks the cut-offs and ditches. Schultz ( "26. p. 418) 

 notes that the species has a marked adaptability to temperature differences, since 

 it lives in cool trout streams of the north and in warm lakes of the south. 



Food. Forbes and Richardson ( "o^. p. IJ7 ) found the fiMxl differing widely 

 in the twenty-five si)ecimens e.xamined from different parts of Illinois, consisting 

 of mollusks, insects (mainly terrestrial), entomostracans, algae, and mud. Haker 

 ('16, p. 171 ) e.xamined eighteen specimens from Oneida I^ke anil found <^)7'/c of 

 the frxxl tf) be insects, with caddis-fly larvae i)redominating; some mollu.sks were 

 in one fish. Might specimens containe<l no food. Ilankinson ('08, ]>. 205) found 

 midge larvae and filamentous green algae to be the principal material eaten by Wal- 

 nut I^ke si)ecimens. Ijulxxly ('15, p. 242) notes that the .sjjecies feeds \\\m\\\ 

 filamentous algae. Kemlall ('18. p. 518) says the fish subsists mainly uiKin insects 

 and entomostracans. Seal ('10, p. 836) considers it to Ix; an active destroyer of 

 nios(|uitoes. 



Dr. J. IVrcy Moore ( '^2. pp. 11-12) examini-*! the contents of the enterons of 

 W) young and a few adults of this siR-cies. .Mgae. entontostmcans and nnscellane- 

 oiis insect material predominated in the fcxid material, .\tlult mosf|uitoes ap|)care<l 

 to Ik- taken in unimportant numlK-rs. ICmmeline Moore C22, p. 531 tabulates the 

 results of stomach examinations of 2}, (iolden .Shiners from I,ake George, N. Y. 

 'riie fish were ;Vj to 4' j inches long. Insects, plankton, crust.iceans, protozoans, 

 filamentous algae and diatoms were im|«>rtant fiMxl objects. Greeley ('27, p. 5<i) 

 nukes note of the foixl of three very small fish (9 16 of an inch long) in which 

 algae (Sf>iroiiyra) comixjscd f)!,^f of the intestinal contents; the rest was the 

 remains of a water mite. IVarse ("18, p. 252) gives results of the examinations 

 of 5<» of these fish from lakes near Madison. Wisconsin. They were fron> i to f> 

 inches long. The fo<Ml jHTccntages are as follows: insect larvae. 4.4 '"r ; adult 

 insects, 2.2'",: insect iuip.ic, 5.7%: entomostracans. ~fi.\'~[ : aniphi|iO(ls, j.a'^r : 

 mites, .4^"^ : rotifers and protozoans, i*", ; algae, i.^'~'f : other plant material, 3.1^*^. 



Di.ilrihulioti Kfcurdf. The following colkntions were made in shallow lake 

 water from .\ugnst 31 to SepiemlxT 7. HM5: No. ju, Constantia; No W>. I'lKldy- 

 gut Hay; No. 00, Maple Hay; No. hki. Walnut Point; No. 102, I-idil Point; No. 

 105, Muskraf Hay; Nos. 120. 121, Hig Hay Shoal. .\t this time the following 



