368 Roosevelt Jfild Life Annals 



Clark ('20, p. 295) fciund insect remains together with Bosininu and Cyelops. in 

 five specimens. 



Greeley ('27, p. 58) fuund diatoms and filaments of algae in one fish examined 

 from the Genesee River. Pearse ('18, p. 271) studied the food of sixty specimens 

 ranging from i to 3 inches, taken in Wisconsin Lakes. The findings are sum- 

 marized as follows: insect larvae, 14.5%; insect pupae, 5.8%; adult insects, 

 4.5% ; entomostracans, 28% ; oligochaete worms, 7% ; algae, 19.3% : other plant 

 material, .9% ; silt and debris, 20%. 



Distribution Records. From the shallow water of Oneida Lake we took the 

 following collections containing this species : No. 5, Lower South Bay ; No. 76, 

 mouth of Scriba Creek'; No. 83, Johnson's Bay; No. 86, Poddygut Bay; No. 105, 

 Muskrat Bay; No. 120, Big Bay; No. 124, Fairchild Bay; No. 309, Lower South 

 Bay; Nos. 314, 353, Brewerton : No. 401, BiUington Bay; Nos. 403. 408, Shackel- 

 ton Point; No. 418, Lakt|Hirt I'.ay: Xos. 419 and 422, Mathews Point; No. 427, 

 Dakin Bay; No. 441, Taft Hay: Xo. 447, East Potter Bay; No. 453, Bernhard 

 Bay ; No. 456, West Potter Bay ; Xos. 459. 463, East Potter Bay ; No. 483, Fair- 

 child Bay ; No. 491, Three Mile Bay ; No. 505. Upper South Bay; No. 522, French- 

 man's Island; No. 523, Shortpoint Bay; No. 52^, Maple Bay; Nos. 529, 530, 539, 

 Dunham Island; No. 543, Frenchman's Island; Xo. 3311, Godfrey Point; No. 585, 

 Lower South Bay; No. 599, Brewerton; Nos. nio and ()ii Lower South Bay. 



The stream collections are : No. 75, Scriba Creek ; No. 87. tributary of Chit- 

 tenango Creek at the Protector's camp ; Nos. 88, 89. 90, Chittenango Creek : No. 

 413, Douglas Creek. 



Encuiies and Disease. Predacious fishes undoubtedly feed on Blunt-nosed 

 Alinnows, just as they do on other species. Their eggs are evidently sought hv 

 other small fishes, since the male that watches them is frequentlv observed driving 

 intruders away. A Johnny Darter, as previously mentioned, was seen disturbing 

 one of these minnows in Oneida Lake. Kingfishers also are known to feed on 

 them (Fowler, '13, p. 15). 



Nine diseased specimens were taken liy us from Oneida Lake ( Xos. 401. 413, 

 416, 418, 422, 441. 447, ^22). i )ne of these collections ( Xo. 441 ) contains two 

 specimens, one with abdomen much swollen, and one with large wart-like swellings 

 on the body. 



Economics and .hij/lini/. While no direct obser\ations were m;i(le on the 

 taking of these minnows by larger fishes, there can be no doubl that they are 

 thus ],reyed upon, lilack bass, Pike Perch, I'ickerel. and Burbot, all .if which 

 are common in ( )neida Lake, feed extensively on other lishes i b'orbes, 'SS. 

 p. 478) ; and minnows, in the words of Forbes (I.e., ]). 480), "are in our waters 

 esjiecially ajipropriated to the support of half-grown game-fishes, and the smaller 

 carnivorous s])ecies." So far as we know there is little discrimination on the ]iart 

 of fislies in fi'cding on minnows. ;ind I'.lnnt-nosed Miimows are probal)ly taken 

 in the iiroportion in which the\- are found on the feeding groimds of the ])re- 

 dacious forms. Besides the distinctly piscivorous fishes mentioned, others which 

 are common in Oneida Lake undoubtedly eat minnows to some extent. These are 

 Perch, Rock Bass, Calico Bass, Bullheads and Eels. 



