Industrial Research 



167 



ects are financed largely by industry, by research 

 institutes, Government bureaus, and by relatively large 

 appropriations from The Engineering Foundation's 

 income from endowment. 



Alloys of Iron Research is a project for reviewing the 

 important research work of the world on carbon and 

 alloy steels and plain and alloy cast irons, as reported 

 in the technical literature of all coujitries, and for sum- 

 marizmg and correlating the data in a series of 15 

 monographs, of which 11 have been published. The 

 cost of this project, which was started in 1930, is about 

 $25,000 a j'car. Several hundred metallurgists have 

 contributed enough of their time to review and criticize 

 before publication chapters of the monographs dealing 

 with subjects in which they are especially expert. The 

 primary object of the monographs is to eliminate long 

 and costly searches of the literature by research 

 workers, to obviate duplication of research work which 

 has been reported in obscure or inaccessible journals, 

 and to encourage research to fiU the gaps in our knowl- 

 edge of ferrous materials. 



Welding Research, also under the direction of a 

 technical committee, is reviewing the literature on 

 welding of ferrous and nonferrous materials, but unlike 

 Alloys of Iron Research it is publishing its literature 

 survey as frequent brief digests of a specific field. It 



sponsors and supervises laboratory research in welding 

 which is being carried out in a number of universities and 

 plants. Its budget is appro.ximately $20,000 per year. 



Contributions of the Manufacturers 



of Alloying Metals to 



Research in the Iron and Steel Industry 



The several comj)anies in the United States — and in 

 other countries as well — which produce nickel, chromi- 

 um, molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, copper, titanium, 

 and other alloying elements, either as the relatively 

 pure metals or as ferroalloys, and sell these materials to 

 the iron and steel industry for the manufacture of alloy 

 steels and cast irons have been large contributors to the 

 advancement of knowledge in the iron and steel in- 

 dustry. All these manufacturers maintain well- 

 equipped research laboratories, staffed by competent 

 men, and carry out a large volume of important 

 research work. Research by the manufacturers of 

 alloying metals is directed primarily toward finding new 

 uses for their metals, in other words toward selling 

 more of their product. All of them, however, have a 

 liberal policy of publication of the results of their 

 research in the technical journals, thus inviting discus- 

 sion, not only by metallurgists of steel manufacturers 

 but also of competitors. 



Figure 43. — Apparatus for Spectrographic Kxamination of Steel, Bethlehem Steel Company, Betliiehem, Pennsylvania 



