Industrial Research 



217 



tion of the use of new inventions and processes, conduct- 

 ing research for the development of industry, lending 

 financial assistance to scientific expeditions, publica- 

 tion of scientific literature, and affording financial 

 assistance for such publications. 



From 1933 to 1937, inclusive, 2,048,379 yen had been 

 granted by this organization for the pursuance of 1,797 

 scientific problems, divided 21.2 percent in chemistry, 

 10.2 in medicine, 10 in physics, 7.7 in mechanical engi- 

 neering, 7.2 in agriculture, 6.6 in electrical engineering, 

 5.3 in zoology and botany, 4.7 percent in civil engineer- 

 ing and architecture, and the remainder in less technical 

 subjects. Industrial subjects investigated included 

 problems of spinning machines, liquefaction of coal, 

 ship bottom paint, ancraft engines, tools and machines, 

 power engines, chemical instruments, sand iron, mining, 

 radio apparatus, active carbon, armor plate. 



The National Institute for Physical and Chemical 

 Research is a semigovernment institute established in 

 1917 with a fund of $2,950,000. Additional support is 

 obtained from government subsidy. A few years ago 

 the Institute consisted of some 27 laboratories for vari- 

 ous subjects, each with its separate budget. Some of 

 the laboratories are located in universities and at other 

 institutions where the investigators are located. Fa- 

 cilities are said to compare favorably with those of such 

 research institutes as our National Bureau of Standards, 

 the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 

 in England, and the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes in Ger- 

 many. Industry defrays the cost of investigations in 

 its behalf or supports fellowships for special work. The 

 Institute is the largest center of industrial research in 

 Japan. Recent activities include a process for man- 

 ufacture of sake or rice wine, soybean sauces, vita- 

 min A from cod-liver oil, and vitamin C from green 

 tea. 



The National Research CouncU of Japan was estab- 

 lished in 1920 "to encourage and coordinate scientific 

 and technical researches at home and to cooperate with 

 other countries, with the view to promoting national 

 and international researches in these fields." The 

 members, who are appointed by the Government, are 

 grouped in eight scientific divisions — astronomy, geo- 

 physics, physics, chemistry, geology and geography, 

 biology and agi-iculture, medicine, engineering and 

 mathematics, most of which publish journals. 



The Tokio Research Institute Laboratory, financed 

 by the Imperial Government, coordinates its activities 

 with Japanese industry principally in the develop- 

 ment of new processes and new products. It also 

 has duties similar to those of our National Bureau of 

 Standards. 



The Imperial Fisheries Institute is supported by the 

 Government for development of the fisheries industry. 

 It investigates all phases of the industry, as zoology, 



habits and migrations of various species of fish, the 

 nutritive value of fish, shellfish, and seaweeds, utiliza- 

 tion of byproducts, imjirovcments in processing tech- 

 nique, methods of capturing fish, design and equipment 

 of fishing vessels. The Institute also renders educational 

 services. 



Other government supported research institutes 

 are the Research Institute for Iron, Steel, and Other 

 Metals of the Tohoku Imperial University, and 

 the College of Fisheries at the Hokkaido Imperial 

 University. 



Development of the resources of Chosen, Formosa, 

 and Manchukuo has been actively pursued by means of 

 exhaustive investigations and researches. Separate 

 organizations have been established for each of these 

 areas. In Formosa work has been conducted on such 

 subjects as pulp from bagasse, vegetable tannins, snake 

 venom, and continues on camphor. 



In Chosen the production of aluminum from alunite 

 has been investigated, and production of carbon black 

 from acetylene has been developed. The feasibility of 

 growing agricultural products of industrial value has 

 been extensively investigated. 



In Manchukuo, the sponge iron and aluminum indus- 

 tries and alum shale as a source of aluminum have been 

 under development. New outlets for the recently 

 established magnesite industry have been sought. 

 Rayon pulp from reeds has been developed. The re- 

 search department of the South Manchurian Railroad 

 has been the most active industrial organization en- 

 gaged in industrial development in Manchukuo. It 

 engages in both fundamental and applied research 



Research in Canada 



Canada is industrialized relatively much less than the 

 United States, consequently its industrial research is 

 also less developed. The most important industrial 

 research in Canada is concerned mainly with its natural 

 resources and the products made from them. The 

 largest enterprises are in mining and metallurgy, pulp 

 and paper, utilization of agricultural products, and 

 power generation. Consolidated Mining and Smelting, 

 International Nickel Company of Canada, the Alumi- 

 num Company of Canada, Deloro Smelting and Re- 

 fining Company, International Paper Company, the 

 Howard Smith Paper Mills, Ltd., Lever Brothers, 

 Procter and Gamble, and Shawinigan Water and Power 

 Company, Ltd., are important organizations conduct- 

 ing research in these fields. Shawinigan Chemicals, 

 Ltd., a subsidiary of the latter company, is very active 

 in research on acetylene and derivatives, particularly 

 vinyl resins. Imperial Oil Company, Ltd., is the 

 only petroleum company extensively engaging in 

 research. 



