Industrial Research 



219 



plans and publications section, section on codes and 

 specifications. 



Typical of research projects conducted by the Council 

 in the last year are refractory materials from dolomite 

 and calcium silicates, chrome brick, metallic magnesium, 

 a simple process for extraction of radium fi'om Ca- 

 nadian ore, production of reiuiet casein, production of 

 face pieces for gas masks, corrosion resistance of alumi- 

 num alloys, efficiency of Manitoba bentonites for oil 

 refining, and textile, laundering, and dry-cleaning in- 

 vestigations. 



Early in 1940 perhaps 75 percent of the work under 

 way at the laboratoi'ies in Ottawa had a war bearing, and 

 over 60 definite war projects sponsored and financed by 

 special war appropriations were in progress there and in 

 outside laboratories. 



In the last fiscal year 251 persons were employed in 

 all the laboratories, of which number 103 were univer- 

 sity graduates. 



Two provinces in Canada, Ontario and Alberta, have 

 research councils or foundations. That the Province 

 of Quebec is becoming research-minded is indicated by 

 the formation about 1937 of a commission for scientific 

 research. One of its first duties was to take an in- 

 ventory of the natural resources of the Province. 



The Ontario Research Foundation was founded in 

 1928 by the Province of Ontario to carry on research 

 work and investigations for the improvement and de- 

 velopment of manufacturing and other industries, 

 discovery and development of the province's natural 

 resources including byproducts thereof; development 

 and improvement of methods in the agricultural 

 industry; scientific research and investigation for 

 the mitigation and abolition of disease in animal and 

 plant life and the destruction of parasitic insect pests; 

 and generally the carrying out of other research work 

 or investigations which may be deemed expedient. 



The Foundation is divided into five divisions: Agri- 

 culture, pathology and bacteriology, textiles, engineer- 

 ing and metallurgy, chemistry, and biochemistry. In 

 1939 the staff's of these departments totaled 34 in 

 nimiber. Total expenditures of the organization in 

 that year were $233,000. 



The Research Council of Alberta was organized in 

 1921 along much the same but less ambitious lines as the 

 Ontario Research Council. Its laboratories at the 

 University of Alberta are concerned primarily with 

 fuels and road materials. 



The Dominion Government is active in research 

 looking toward development of Canadian industries. 

 Principal bureaus engaged in such work are the Bureau 

 of Mines, the Bureau of Fisheries, and the Forest 

 Products Laboratory. In many instances industries 

 contribute to the support of research projects in these 

 bureaus. 



The Bureau of Mines encourages industry wherever 

 possible, with research and investigative work in 

 geology, mineral technology, and mineral economics. 

 Mining operators mak(! frequent use of the Bureau's 

 ore-dressing and metallurgical laboratories. 



The Bureau of Fisheries has done nota])le work for 

 the Canadian fisheries industries, as in the development 

 of the pilchard oil industry in British Columbia. 



Of the Canadian universities which conduct research 

 in applied fields the following should be mentioned: 

 Universities of Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan 

 for their research relating to provincial problems; 

 University of British Columbia for its outstanding in- 

 struction of young men in applied sciences, especially 

 chemical engineering; McGill University and University 

 of Toronto for their graduate education in pure science, 

 especially in physics and physical chemistry. The 

 University of Toronto is particularly to be noted for 

 its work on the electronic microscope. 



Scientific and technical societies are very active in 

 Canada. Among the foremost of these are the Royal 

 Society of Cauda, the Canadian Engineering Society, 

 and Canadian Institute of Chemistry of which the 

 Dominion chemical profession is justly proud. Most 

 American scientific and teclmical gatherings are well 

 attended by Canadians in spite of the distance, and 

 there are in general very close relations between Ameri- 

 can and Canadian scientists of all kinds. The pro- 

 vincial academies of science are numerous and have 

 published much good work. 



Bibliography 



Books 



Bernal, J. D. The social function of science. New York, 

 Macmillan Company, 1939. 482 p. 



Crowther, J. G. Soviet science. New York, E. P. Dutton 

 and Company, 1936. 342 p. 



Department op Scientific and Industrial Research, Lon- 

 don. Annual reports. 



Holland, Maurice. Industrial research abroad. (In Ross, 

 M. H., ed. Profitable practice in industrial research. New 

 York, Harper and Brothers, 1932. p. 119-152). 



Japan Society for the Promotion of Scientific Research. 

 Annual reports. 



National Research Council of Canada. Annual reports. 



Perrin, Jean. L'organisation de la recherche scientifique. 

 Paris, Hermann et Cie, 1938. 54 p. 



Various Contributors. What we found behind the scenes in 

 European research. New York, 1937. 



Journal articles 



American Chemical Society. Industrial and Engineering 

 Chemistry {News Ed.). Passim. Foreign news letters. 



China year book, The 



Gregory, S. A., and Fremlin, R. The organization of research 

 in France. The Scientific Worker, 11, No. 2 (1939). 



Hamor, W. A. Industrial research in 1939; advances in the 

 United States and other countries. Industrial and Engineer- 

 ing Chemistry {News Ed.), IS, 1 (1940). 



