292 



NATURE 



[Fed. 10, 1876 



with the flower they sit upon making the butterflies invisi- 

 ble to their pursuers, or if merely the same predilection 

 for a certain colour which has ruled the sexual selection 

 of these butterflies, and by this influenced the colour of 

 their wings, impels them also preferably to visit flowers 

 of their favourite colour ; but, from many analogous ob- 

 servations to be published on another occasion, I am 

 strongly inclined to believe that the agreement of colour 

 between the flowers of L. bulbiferuvi and their visitors is 

 not a merely fortuitous one. 



Most of the diff'erences between the flowers of L. Mar- 

 iagon and bulbifertan may be intelligible from the pre- 



FiG. 88. — ^Transverse section througli the base of one of the leaves of the 

 perianth ; seven times natural size, h, honey Riling up the furrow from 

 which itis secreted ; tn, margins covering the furrow ; ha, hairs closing 

 the slit between these margins. 



ceding explanation ; — still the question remains : What 

 intermediate contrivances are imaginable by which the 

 transformation of a sphingophilous species of Lilium into 

 another one adapted to butterflies could be effected ? In 

 this respect it is remarkable that the flowers of L. Mar- 

 tagoti are not always bent downwards, but sometimes 

 have their axis in a horizontal or somewhat upright position, 

 and that such flowers are now and then also fertilised by 

 day-fliers. Thus, July 19, 1874, near Franzenshoh, I saw a 

 specimen oiZygana transalpina, Esp., visiting the flowers 

 of Z. Mariagon, and inserting its proboscis into the honey- 

 secreting channels ; and likewise, July 20, 1875, near St. 

 Gertrud, in the valley of Sulden, a specimen of Polyojn- 

 maijis htppothoe, wax. eiirybta, Ochs., behaving in the 

 same manner. Hermann Muller 



SCHOLARSHIPS AND EXAMINATIONS FOR 

 NATURAL SCIENCE AT CAMBRIDGE, 1876. 



"T^HE following is a list of the Scholarships and Exhibitions for 

 -*■ proficiency in Natural Science to be offered at the several 

 Colleges and for Non-Collegiate Students in Cambridge during 

 the present year : — 



Trinity College. — One or more Foundation Scholarships of 100/. 

 and one Exhibition of 50/. The examination for these will com- 

 mence on April 18. The Scholarships are open to undergraduates 

 of Trinity College, and persons under twenty who are not yet 

 resident members of the University. The Exhibition is open to 

 persons under twenty, who have not yet commenced residence at 

 the University. 



St. jfohn's College. — One of the value of 50/. per annum. The 

 examination (in Chemistry, Physics, and Physiology, with Geo- 

 logy, Comparative Anatomy, or Botany) will commence on April 

 22, and will be open to all persons who have not commenced re- 

 sidence at the University, as well as to all who have entered and 

 have not completed one term of residence. No candidate will 

 be examined in more than three of the above subjects. There is 

 a separate examination in Natural Science at the time of the 

 annual College examination at the end of the academical year, in 

 May ; and Exhibitions and Foundation Scholarships will be 

 awarded to students who show an amount of knowledge equiva- 

 lent to that which in Classics or Mathematics usually gains an 

 Exhibition or Scholarship in the College. In short, Natural 

 Science is on the same footing with Classics and Mathematics, 

 both as regards teaching and rewards. 



Christ's College. — One or more in value from 30/. to 70/., ac- 

 cording to the number and merits of the candidates, tenable for 

 three and a half years, and for three years longer by those who 

 reside during that period at the College. The examination will 

 be on April 4, and will be open to anyone, whether a member of 

 the College or not — provided his name is not on die boards of 

 any other College in the University — who is not of sufficient 



standing to be admitted ad titulum Baccalaurei in Artibus. The 

 candidates may select their own subjects for examination. There 

 are other Exhibitions which are distributed annually among the 

 most deserving students of the College. 



Gonville and Caius College. — One of the value of 60/. per 

 annum. The examination will be on April 4, in Chemistry and 

 Physics, and Zoology with Comparative Anatomy and Physiology; 

 it will be open to students who intend to commence residence in 

 October, and are under twenty. Further information may be ob- 

 tained from the Tutors. — Scholarships of the value of 20/. each or 

 more are offered annually for Anatomy and Physiology to mem- 

 bers of the College. 



There will be an examination on the 4th of April, 1876, in 

 Botany and Comparative Anatomy in its most general sense (in- 

 cluding Zootomy and Comparative Physiology), for two Shuttle- 

 worth Scholarships, each of the value of 60/. per annum, and 

 tenable for three years. The candidates must be registered 

 medical students of the University who have kept eight terms, 

 have passed the Additional Examination required for Candidates 

 for Honours, and produce satisfactory testimonials of good con- 

 duct. A successful candidate, if not a member of Gonville and 

 Caius College, must become a member of the same. They are 

 tenable with any other Scholarship at the College, 



Gentlemen elected to the Tancred Medical Studentships are 

 required to enter at this College ; these Studentships are five in 

 number, and the annual value of each is 100/. Information re- 

 specting these may be obtained from B, J. L. Frere, Esq., 

 28, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. 



Clare College. — One of the value of 60/. per annum, tenable 

 for two years at least. The examination (m Chemistry, Ctiemi- 

 cal Physics, Zoology with Comparative Anatomy and Physiology, 

 Botany with Vegetable Anatomy and Physiology, and Geology) 

 will be on March 28th, and will be open to students intending 

 to begin residence in October. 



Doivnin^ College.— OnQ or more of the value of 60/. per 

 annum. The examination (in Chemistry, Comparative Anatomy 

 and Physiology) will be on, or about, April 25, and will be 

 open to all students not members of the University, as well as to 

 all undergraduates in their first term. 



Sidney College. — One of the value of 60/. The examination 

 will be on April 4, and will be open to all students who intend 

 to commence residence in October. 



Emtnanuel College.— One of the value of 70/. The examina- 

 tion on April 4, in Botany, Chemistry, Chemical Physics, Geo- 

 logy and Mineralogy, Zoology, Comparative Anatomy and Phy- 

 siology, will be open to students who have not commenced 

 residence. 



Non- Collegiate Students. — An Exhibition each year is given by 

 the Clothworkers Company, value 50/. per annum, tenable for 

 three years. Examination about Christmas, open to non-col- 

 legiate students who have commenced residence in the October 

 term, and to any who have not commenced residence. Informa- 

 tion to be obtained from the Rev. R. B. Somerset, Cambridge. 



Although several subjects for examination are in each instance 

 given, this is rather to afford the option of one or more to the 

 candidates than to induce them to present a superficial know- 

 ledge of several. 



Candidates, especially those who are not members of the 

 University, will, in most instances, be required to show a fair 

 knowledge of Classics and Mathematics, such, for example, as 

 would enable them to pass the previous examination. 



There is no restriction on the ground of religious denomina- 

 tions in the case of these or any of the Scholarships or Exhibitions 

 in the Colleges or in the University. 



Further information may be obtained from the Tutors of the 

 respective Colleges, and the names, with certificates of character, 

 date of birth, &c., must be sent to the Tutor of the College, in 

 each case, several days before the examination. 



Some of the Colleges do not restrict themselves to the number 

 of Scholarships here mentioned, but will give additional Scholar •■ 

 ships if candidates of superior merit present themselves ; and 

 other Colleges than those here mentioned, though they do not 

 offer Scholarships, are in the habit of rewarding deserving stu- 

 dents of Natural Science. 



It may be added that Trinity College will give a Fellowship 

 for Natural Science, once, at least, in three years ; and that 

 most of the colleges are understood to be willing to award Fel- 

 lowships for merit in Natural Science equivalent to that for which 

 they are in the habit of giving them for Classics and Mathe- 

 matics. 



