376 



NATURE 



{^March 9, 1876 



at Rome by decree of Victor Emmanuel in 1874, and is probably 

 one of the finest and most complete educational museums in the 

 world. It is freely open to the public, and teachers have ample 

 facilities for taking advantage of its circulating library, and of 

 the various other means which it possesses for furthering the]cause 

 of higher education. 



A NEW French^geographical journaljhas been established by 

 M. George Renaud, a member of the Paris Geographical Society, 

 under the name of the jfoitrnal GSograpkique Intanationale, which 

 will be published twice a month. Each number will contain a 

 coloured map. 



Mr. CuNLiFFE Owen, the director of the South Kensington 

 Museum, visited on Saturday last the photographic workroom 

 established in the Monileur office, Quai Voltaire, Paris. The 

 peculiarity of the process used is the reproduction of colours by 

 a series of chromo-printings. It is a combination of photo- 

 graphy and chromo-lithography, which gives astonishing results, 

 chiefly in the reproduction of models of engines and natures 

 mortes. 



The March part of the Geographical Maqazine contains two 

 maps by Mr. Ravenstein, in connection with Lieut. Cameron's 

 recently-accomplished journey across Africa. One of these is 

 of a portion of South Africa, illustrative of Cameron's route 

 from Lake Tanganyika to the west coast, and the other is a 

 map of the country between Lake Tanganyika and Nyangwe, 

 according to Livingstone and Cameron. The same number 

 contains an interesting account by Lieut Liardet of an ascent to 

 the lake on the summit of the island of Taruini, in Fiji. 



"The Study of Natural Science " is the title of an address 

 delivered to the Natural Science Classes in the University College 

 of Wales, by Mr. F. W. Rudler, F.G. S., recently appointed 

 Professor of Natural Science in the College. Mr. Rudler has 

 sound notions as to the relations which ought to subsist between 

 scientific and literary training in education, and of the methods 

 which ought to be followed in the study of science. 



We have received a copy of the rules, list of members, and 

 Papers read before the Cambridge Natural Science Club. The 

 number of members is very limited, and the rules are sufficiently 

 stringent to exclude all but men who mean to work. Some of 

 the papers which have been read are of permanent value. 



We are glad to see that the Edinburgh Naturalists' Field 

 Club, founded in 1869, is still in existence and evidently in a 

 prosperous condition. 



From its Tenth Annual Report, we are glad to learn that the 

 North Staffordshire Naturalists' Field Club is in a prosperous 

 condition ; the number of members is now 330. The excursions 

 and meetings during the past year appear to have been instruc- 

 tive and interesting. The Report contains the Annual Address 

 of the I'resident, Mr. C. Lynam, on the Sepulchral Monuments 

 of Staffordshire. Other papers are: " The Geology of Need- 

 wood Forest," by Mr, W. Molyneux, F.G.S. ; " Uriconium," 

 by the Rev. J. S. Broad; " Ancient Church Bells in Stafford- 

 shire," by Mr. C. Lynam ; and " Structural Features of Plants 

 in relation to their uses in the Arts and in Medicine," by D. J. 

 T, Arlidge. 



Part 3 of Vol. I. of the Transactions of the Watford Natu- 

 ral History Society contains the following papers : — On the 

 Botanical Work of the past Season, by R. A. Pryor, F.L. S., 

 with a map of Hertfordshire ; List of Works on the Geology 

 of Hertfordshire, by W. Whitaker, F.G.S. ; and A Few Words 

 about some Local Ferns, by J. E. Littleboy. 



In the last-issued part of the Transactions of the Institution 

 of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland is a paper by 



Mr. James Brownlee "On the Action of Water and Frictional 

 Resistance or Loss of Energy when flowing at various velocities 

 through a nozzle with a converging entrance and diverging out- 

 let, " with two plates. 



The President and Fellows of Magdalen College, '^Oxford, 

 have commenced free courses of lectures on botany, zoology, 

 and chemical physics, for artisans resident in Oxford. They 

 will be continued throughout the present and Faster I'erm and 

 the Long Vacation on each Saturday evening. The lectures are 

 conducted by Prof. Lawson and Messrs. Chapman and Yule. 



Messrs. Lewis and Cunninghame, special assistants to 

 the Sanitary Commissioners with the Government of India, have 

 just published a Report describing a series of important obser- 

 vations on the Soil in its relation to Disease. 



" List of Hemiptera of the Region West of the Mississippi. 

 River " (extracted from the Bulletin cf the Geological and Gco- 

 graphical Survey of the Territories, No. 5, second series. Wash 

 ington, January, 1876) is the title of a pamphlet by Prof. P. R. 

 Uhler, who has thus added one to the many valuable hand-lii.ts 

 now being published in various parts of the United States. The 

 need of monographs and synonymic lists in the present day ii 

 constantly making itself felt ; without them the entomologist 

 can scarcely keep pace with the rapid growth of his study ; so 

 that he hails the appearance of such a paper as the above, with 

 its well-executed and clearly-defined plates, as a godsend, for 

 which he can hardly be too grateful. 



The additions to the Zoological Society's Gardens during the 

 past week include a Brown Monkey {Alacacus briinneus) from 

 Siam, presented by Mr. Thos. G. F. Hesketh ; a Tyrant Eagle 

 {Spizaeijts tyrannus) from South America, a Many -zoned Hawk 

 {Melierax polyzonus) from East Africa^ two Brazilian Caracaras 

 {Polyborus brasiliensis), white variet}-, from Patagonia, presented 

 by Lord Lilford ; two Common Pintails {Dafila acuta), three 

 Spotted-billed Ducks {Anas pceciiorhyncha), eighteen Red- 

 crested Whistling Ducks [Fuligula rufina) from North-west 

 India, presented by Mr. E. C. Buck ; a Ring-necked Parrakeet 

 {Palaornis torquata) from India, presented by Mrs. Henry 

 Kingston ; a Cape Dove {/Ena capensis) from Africa, presented 

 by Miss Barrer ; an Indian Elephant [Elephas indicus), a Secre- 

 tary Vulture [Serpentarius reptilivorus) from South Africa, 

 deposited ; a Greenland Falcon {Falco candicans) from Green- 

 land, purchased ; a Great Kangaroo {Macropus giganteus), a 

 Red Kangaroo [Macropus rufus), born in the Gardens. 



ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS OF THE PRE- 

 SIDENT OF THE ROYAL GEOLOGICAL 

 SOCIETY, JOHN EVANS, F.R.S} 

 II. 



TV/TR. EVANS, in continuing his 'address, spoke of stratigra- 

 phical geology and of palaeontology, expressing his belief that 

 all recent discoveries pointed to uninterrupted continuity in both 

 regions. After briefly referring to the evidence found in Settle 

 Cave of the pre-Glacial existence of man in this country, and to 

 the Wealden boring, Mr. Evans spoke as follows : — 



There is only one more subject on which I will say a few 

 words, and which, as to some slight extent involving a qu;Stion 

 in which I am personally interested, I have kept for the end of 

 my address. 



It is one to which it appears probable that the earnest atten- 

 tion of geologists will immediately be called, namely, the water- 

 supply of this vast metropolis. This is, indeed, not the first 

 time that the attention of this Society has been called to it ; for 

 Professor Prestwich devoted to it a considerable portion of his 

 presidential address in 1872. It has since been more fully dis- 

 cussed in the Sixth Report of the Commissioners appointed in 

 1868 to inquire into the best means of preventing the puliation 

 of rivers, who have extended their inquiries somewhat beyond 

 • Continued from p. 356. 



