LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XXV 



PIG. PAGE 



141, 142, 143. Phrenological organs according to Spurzheim, . . 348 



144, 145. Non-striated muscular fibre, after Bowman and Wilson, . 363 



146, 147. Striated muscular fibres, ....... 365 



148. Fragments of an elementary fibre of the skate, held together by the 



untorn but twisted sarcolemma, after Todd and Bowman, . . 366 



149. Transverse section of fibres from the pectoral muscle of a teal, after 



Bowman, * ...... 366 



150. Transverse section of ultimate fibres of biceps, after Bowman, . 366 



151. Fragment of muscular fibre from macerated heart of ox, showing for- 



mation of strise by aggregation of beaded fibrillae, after Bowman, . 367 



152. Portion of human muscular fibre, separating into disks, by cleavage in 



direction of transverse strise, after Bowman, . . . 367 



153. Fragments of striated elementary fibres, showing a cleavage in oppo- 



site directions. Magnified 300 diameters, .... 367 



154. Mass of ultimate fibres from the pectoralis major of the human foetus, 



at nine months, after "Wilson, . . . . . 369 



155. Muscular fibrils of the pig, after Sharpey, . . . .369 



156. Attachment of tendon to muscular fibre, in skate, after Bowman, . 370 



157. Capillary net-work of muscle, after Berres, .... 371 



158. Loop-like termination of the nerves in voluntary muscle, after Burdach, 372 



159. Compound ventriform muscle, ...... 373 



160. Penniform muscle, ........ 373 



161. Double penniform muscle, ...... 373 



162. Sections of a bone, ....... 379 



163. Haversian canals, seen on a longitudinal section of the compact tissue 



of the shaft of one of the long bones, after Todd and Bowman, . 381 



164. Transverse section of compact tissue of humerus magnified about 150 



diameters, ..*.... 381 



165. Direction of encephalic impulses, ..... 393 



166. Muscular fibre of dytiscus in contraction, after Bowman, . . 398 



167. Muscular fibre of skate, . . . . . .399 



168. Centre of gravity, ....... 419 



169. Do. do. 420 



170. Condition of equilibrium, ...... 420 



171. 172. Composition of forces, ...... 421 



173. Do. do 422 



174. Lever of the first kind, . . . . . .422 



175. Lever of the second kind, ...... 422 



176. Lever of the third kind, 423 



177. 178. Action of the deltoid, . . . . . . 425 



179. Action of the biceps, ....... 426 



180. Insertion of fibres into tendon, ..... 426 



181. Tendon of the great toe, ...... 428 



182. 183. Action of intercostal muscles, ..... 428 

 184, 185. Action of intercostals ....'.. 429 



186. Do. do 430 



187. Action of biceps, ....... 430 



188. Combined muscular movements in rising, .... 431 



189. Ligamentum nuchae, ....... 438 



