ORGANS OF TASTE. 



145 



the fungiform. The former are Fig. 53. 



broader at the base than at the 



top ; and are seen over the whole 



surface of the tongue, from the 



tip to the root. The latter, which 



are larger at the top than the 



base, and resemble the mushroom, 



whence their name, are 



spread about, here and there, on 



the surface of the organ. These 



must be distinguished from a 



third set, the papillse capitatse or 



circumvallatde, which are situate 



near the base of the tongue in 



two V shaped lines at the base 



of the organ. They are circu- 



lar elevations from ^th to y^th 



of an inch wide, each with a cen- 



tral depression, and Surrounded Front View of the U PI ^r Surface of the Tongue, 

 by a circular fissure, at the OUt- as well as of the Palatine Arch. 



Side Of Which, again, is a Slight- 1, I- Posterior lateral half arches, with the palato- 

 . , , 1 ,1 11 pharyngei muscles and tonsils. 2. Epiglottic carti- 



ly elevated ring; the Central ele- lage, seen from before. 3,3. Ligament and mucous 



ration and the ring being formed 

 of close set simple papilla. The 



epithelium Of the tongue IS Of the 



i > . . ? M ,-, f 



teSSelateO. Variety, like that OI 



the epidermis. Over the fun- 



giform papillse, it forms a thin- 



ner layer than elsewhere ; so that they stand out more prominently than 



the rest. That which covers the conical papillse, according to Messrs. 



Todd and Bowman, 1 has a singu- 



lar arrangement; being extreme- Fig. 54. 



ly dense and thick, and project- 



ing from their sides and tops 



in the form of long, stiif, hair- 



like processes; many of which 



bear a strong resemblance in 



structure to hairs; and some ac- 



tually contain hair tubes. 



All the nerves that pass to 

 the parts whose office it is to ap- 

 preciate savours, must be con- 

 sidered to belong to the gusta- 

 tory apparatus. These are the 

 inferior maxillary; several bran- 

 ches of the superior, filaments 



I IS 



pillae conicse, seu maximae. 7. The white point at the 

 end of the line, and all like it. are the papillae funsri- 

 formes. 8. Side of the tongue, and rugae transverse 



View of a Papilla of the smallest class, magnified 

 25 diameters. 



The loops of blood-vessels are here shown, each 

 loop containing usually only one vessel. 



from the spheno-palatine and 



naso-palatine ganglions ; the lingual branch of the fifth pair, com- 



* The Physiological Anat. and Physiology of Man, i. 439, Lond., 1848, or Amer. edit., p. 382. 

 VOL. I. 10 



